Diagenesis and shear rheology of a Recent-Pleistocene volcanogenic sequence, Mexican Basin. Implications to swelling and stability
Low-grade diagenesis in the Recent-Pleistocene volcanogenic sequence of the Mexican Basin formed, in the gravel and sand strata, kaolinite, smectite and interstratified kaolinite/smectite, intimately associated with fine ash containing volcanic glass, opal-C, plagioclase, K-feldspar and pyroxene, i...
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Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
2018-06-01
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| Series: | Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas |
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| Online Access: | https://rmcg.unam.mx/index.php/rmcg/article/view/993 |
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| author | Liberto de Pablo-Galán Juan J. de Pablo M. de Lourdes Chávez-García |
| author_facet | Liberto de Pablo-Galán Juan J. de Pablo M. de Lourdes Chávez-García |
| author_sort | Liberto de Pablo-Galán |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Low-grade diagenesis in the Recent-Pleistocene volcanogenic sequence of the Mexican Basin formed, in the gravel and sand strata, kaolinite, smectite and interstratified kaolinite/smectite, intimately associated with fine ash containing volcanic glass, opal-C, plagioclase, K-feldspar and pyroxene, in an environment of high permeability, high hydraulic conductivity and acid fluids. In the mud, transformation was total to 1H2O- and 2H2O-smectite, in an environment of low permeability, low hydraulic conductivity, and alkaline fluids. At depth, kaolinite transforms to smectite via interstratified kaolinite/smectite. The clay minerals are the continuos phase within the sequence. A suspension prepared with 15.45 wt. % clay separated from the <2 m fraction of 26 m deep sediment in the gravel strata, containing kaolinite, smectite and interstratified minerals, shows non-Newtonian viscoelastic behavior, shear rate <0.02 s-1, shear stress <1.5 Pa, strain <0.8, instantaneous viscosity 190 Pals at a stress of 1.03 Pa, low-energy particle association. A suspension prepared with 14.02 wt. % of clay separated from 60 m deep sediment, containing smectite and low kaolinite, shows viscoelastic behavior, shear rate <0.004 s-1, shear stress 2-10 Pa, strain <0.2, instantaneous viscosity 3800 Pals at a stress of 5.91 Pa, high-energy face-to-face particle association. The 60 m clay, subjected to a deformation stress vibrating at 1 hertz, within the viscoelastic range, develops cinematic viscosity <0.8 Pals, in-phase shear modulus higher than the out-of-phase shear modulus. When vibration is raised to 5 hertz the cinematic viscosity is <4 Pa s, the out-of-phase shear modulus is higher than the in-phase one, more energy is dissipated than stored. Differences between the clay minerals from the 26 and 60 m deep sediments sustain that differences on the abundance, type and distribution of clay minerals, and consequently in the fine fraction, result in a non-uniform differential behavior of the sediments across the sedimentary sequence.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d3ca83aa1b9c495aa4f8628f228c66dc |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1026-8774 2007-2902 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2018-06-01 |
| publisher | Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México |
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| series | Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas |
| spelling | doaj-art-d3ca83aa1b9c495aa4f8628f228c66dc2025-08-20T02:22:55ZengUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoRevista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas1026-87742007-29022018-06-01182Diagenesis and shear rheology of a Recent-Pleistocene volcanogenic sequence, Mexican Basin. Implications to swelling and stabilityLiberto de Pablo-Galán0Juan J. de Pablo1M. de Lourdes Chávez-García2Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.Chemical Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Winsconsin, USAFacultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F. Low-grade diagenesis in the Recent-Pleistocene volcanogenic sequence of the Mexican Basin formed, in the gravel and sand strata, kaolinite, smectite and interstratified kaolinite/smectite, intimately associated with fine ash containing volcanic glass, opal-C, plagioclase, K-feldspar and pyroxene, in an environment of high permeability, high hydraulic conductivity and acid fluids. In the mud, transformation was total to 1H2O- and 2H2O-smectite, in an environment of low permeability, low hydraulic conductivity, and alkaline fluids. At depth, kaolinite transforms to smectite via interstratified kaolinite/smectite. The clay minerals are the continuos phase within the sequence. A suspension prepared with 15.45 wt. % clay separated from the <2 m fraction of 26 m deep sediment in the gravel strata, containing kaolinite, smectite and interstratified minerals, shows non-Newtonian viscoelastic behavior, shear rate <0.02 s-1, shear stress <1.5 Pa, strain <0.8, instantaneous viscosity 190 Pals at a stress of 1.03 Pa, low-energy particle association. A suspension prepared with 14.02 wt. % of clay separated from 60 m deep sediment, containing smectite and low kaolinite, shows viscoelastic behavior, shear rate <0.004 s-1, shear stress 2-10 Pa, strain <0.2, instantaneous viscosity 3800 Pals at a stress of 5.91 Pa, high-energy face-to-face particle association. The 60 m clay, subjected to a deformation stress vibrating at 1 hertz, within the viscoelastic range, develops cinematic viscosity <0.8 Pals, in-phase shear modulus higher than the out-of-phase shear modulus. When vibration is raised to 5 hertz the cinematic viscosity is <4 Pa s, the out-of-phase shear modulus is higher than the in-phase one, more energy is dissipated than stored. Differences between the clay minerals from the 26 and 60 m deep sediments sustain that differences on the abundance, type and distribution of clay minerals, and consequently in the fine fraction, result in a non-uniform differential behavior of the sediments across the sedimentary sequence. https://rmcg.unam.mx/index.php/rmcg/article/view/993rheology, Recent, volcanogenics, diagenesis, clay sediments, Mexican Basin. |
| spellingShingle | Liberto de Pablo-Galán Juan J. de Pablo M. de Lourdes Chávez-García Diagenesis and shear rheology of a Recent-Pleistocene volcanogenic sequence, Mexican Basin. Implications to swelling and stability Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas rheology, Recent, volcanogenics, diagenesis, clay sediments, Mexican Basin. |
| title | Diagenesis and shear rheology of a Recent-Pleistocene volcanogenic sequence, Mexican Basin. Implications to swelling and stability |
| title_full | Diagenesis and shear rheology of a Recent-Pleistocene volcanogenic sequence, Mexican Basin. Implications to swelling and stability |
| title_fullStr | Diagenesis and shear rheology of a Recent-Pleistocene volcanogenic sequence, Mexican Basin. Implications to swelling and stability |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diagenesis and shear rheology of a Recent-Pleistocene volcanogenic sequence, Mexican Basin. Implications to swelling and stability |
| title_short | Diagenesis and shear rheology of a Recent-Pleistocene volcanogenic sequence, Mexican Basin. Implications to swelling and stability |
| title_sort | diagenesis and shear rheology of a recent pleistocene volcanogenic sequence mexican basin implications to swelling and stability |
| topic | rheology, Recent, volcanogenics, diagenesis, clay sediments, Mexican Basin. |
| url | https://rmcg.unam.mx/index.php/rmcg/article/view/993 |
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