Biological mechanisms and therapeutic prospects of interleukin-33 in pathogenesis and treatment of allergic disease

Abstract Allergic diseases significantly impact the quality of life of people around the world. Cytokines play a crucial role in regulating the immune system. Due to their importance in pro-inflammatory mechanisms, cytokines are used to understand pathogenesis and serve as biomarkers in many disease...

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Main Authors: Mohammad Chand Jamali, Asma’a H. Mohamed, Azfar Jamal, Mohammad Azhar Kamal, Waleed Al Abdulmonem, Bashar Abdullah Saeed, Nasrin Mansuri, Fuzail Ahmad, Mustafa Mudhafar, Alaa Shafie, Haroonrashid M. Hattiwale
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Inflammation
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12950-025-00438-w
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author Mohammad Chand Jamali
Asma’a H. Mohamed
Azfar Jamal
Mohammad Azhar Kamal
Waleed Al Abdulmonem
Bashar Abdullah Saeed
Nasrin Mansuri
Fuzail Ahmad
Mustafa Mudhafar
Alaa Shafie
Haroonrashid M. Hattiwale
author_facet Mohammad Chand Jamali
Asma’a H. Mohamed
Azfar Jamal
Mohammad Azhar Kamal
Waleed Al Abdulmonem
Bashar Abdullah Saeed
Nasrin Mansuri
Fuzail Ahmad
Mustafa Mudhafar
Alaa Shafie
Haroonrashid M. Hattiwale
author_sort Mohammad Chand Jamali
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Allergic diseases significantly impact the quality of life of people around the world. Cytokines play a crucial role in regulating the immune system. Due to their importance in pro-inflammatory mechanisms, cytokines are used to understand pathogenesis and serve as biomarkers in many diseases. One such cytokine is interleukin-33, a member of the IL-1 family, including IL- 1α, IL-1β, and IL-18. The IL-33 receptor is a heterodimer of IL-1 receptor-like 1 and IL-1 receptor accessory protein. IL-33 plays a critical role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. The primary targets of IL-33 in vivo are tissue-resident immune cells, including mast cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells, regulatory T cells, T helper 2 cells, eosinophils, basophils, dendritic cells, Th1 cells, CD8 + T cells, NK cells, iNKT cells, B cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. However, IL-33 appears to act as an alarm signal that is promptly released by producing cells under cellular damage or stress conditions. IL-33 regulates signaling and various biological functions, including induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, regulation of cell proliferation, and involvement in tissue remodeling. IL-33 is fundamental in immune-related diseases and plays a critical role in the control of inflammation. Recently, IL-33 has been shown to significantly impact allergic diseases, primarily by inducing Th2 immune responses. IL-33 is a key regulator of mast cell function and a promising therapeutic target for treating allergic diseases. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the role of IL-33 in allergy pathogenesis and potential clinical approaches.
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spelling doaj-art-d3c948dde92d4e4fb30158ee4a49e49a2025-08-20T02:32:00ZengBMCJournal of Inflammation1476-92552025-05-0122111410.1186/s12950-025-00438-wBiological mechanisms and therapeutic prospects of interleukin-33 in pathogenesis and treatment of allergic diseaseMohammad Chand Jamali0Asma’a H. Mohamed1Azfar Jamal2Mohammad Azhar Kamal3Waleed Al Abdulmonem4Bashar Abdullah Saeed5Nasrin Mansuri6Fuzail Ahmad7Mustafa Mudhafar8Alaa Shafie9Haroonrashid M. Hattiwale10Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Liwa College, Al AinDepartment of Optometry Techniques, Technical College Al-Mussaib, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical UniversityDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi, Majmaah UniversityDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim UniversityDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technics, Al-Noor University CollegeClinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid UniversityRespiratory Care Department, College of Applied Sciences, Almaarefa UniversityDepartment of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Applied Sciences, University of KerbalaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif UniversityDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Majmaah UniversityAbstract Allergic diseases significantly impact the quality of life of people around the world. Cytokines play a crucial role in regulating the immune system. Due to their importance in pro-inflammatory mechanisms, cytokines are used to understand pathogenesis and serve as biomarkers in many diseases. One such cytokine is interleukin-33, a member of the IL-1 family, including IL- 1α, IL-1β, and IL-18. The IL-33 receptor is a heterodimer of IL-1 receptor-like 1 and IL-1 receptor accessory protein. IL-33 plays a critical role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. The primary targets of IL-33 in vivo are tissue-resident immune cells, including mast cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells, regulatory T cells, T helper 2 cells, eosinophils, basophils, dendritic cells, Th1 cells, CD8 + T cells, NK cells, iNKT cells, B cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. However, IL-33 appears to act as an alarm signal that is promptly released by producing cells under cellular damage or stress conditions. IL-33 regulates signaling and various biological functions, including induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, regulation of cell proliferation, and involvement in tissue remodeling. IL-33 is fundamental in immune-related diseases and plays a critical role in the control of inflammation. Recently, IL-33 has been shown to significantly impact allergic diseases, primarily by inducing Th2 immune responses. IL-33 is a key regulator of mast cell function and a promising therapeutic target for treating allergic diseases. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the role of IL-33 in allergy pathogenesis and potential clinical approaches.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12950-025-00438-wAllergic diseasesInterleukin-33IL-33 receptorImmune systemMyD88
spellingShingle Mohammad Chand Jamali
Asma’a H. Mohamed
Azfar Jamal
Mohammad Azhar Kamal
Waleed Al Abdulmonem
Bashar Abdullah Saeed
Nasrin Mansuri
Fuzail Ahmad
Mustafa Mudhafar
Alaa Shafie
Haroonrashid M. Hattiwale
Biological mechanisms and therapeutic prospects of interleukin-33 in pathogenesis and treatment of allergic disease
Journal of Inflammation
Allergic diseases
Interleukin-33
IL-33 receptor
Immune system
MyD88
title Biological mechanisms and therapeutic prospects of interleukin-33 in pathogenesis and treatment of allergic disease
title_full Biological mechanisms and therapeutic prospects of interleukin-33 in pathogenesis and treatment of allergic disease
title_fullStr Biological mechanisms and therapeutic prospects of interleukin-33 in pathogenesis and treatment of allergic disease
title_full_unstemmed Biological mechanisms and therapeutic prospects of interleukin-33 in pathogenesis and treatment of allergic disease
title_short Biological mechanisms and therapeutic prospects of interleukin-33 in pathogenesis and treatment of allergic disease
title_sort biological mechanisms and therapeutic prospects of interleukin 33 in pathogenesis and treatment of allergic disease
topic Allergic diseases
Interleukin-33
IL-33 receptor
Immune system
MyD88
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12950-025-00438-w
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