Metabolites in the association between early-life famine exposure and type 2 diabetes in adulthood over a 5-year follow-up period

Introduction Exposure to malnutrition in early life has been found to significantly elevate type 2 diabetes risk in adulthood. However, the changes in metabolites resulting from malnutrition in early life have not been studied. The aim of this study was to identify metabolites with levels associated...

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Main Authors: Wen Zhang, Ningjian Wang, Yingli Lu, Chi Chen, Fangzhen Xia, Yuying Wang, Heng Wan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2021-03-01
Series:BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care
Online Access:https://drc.bmj.com/content/9/1/e001935.full
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author Wen Zhang
Ningjian Wang
Yingli Lu
Chi Chen
Fangzhen Xia
Yuying Wang
Heng Wan
author_facet Wen Zhang
Ningjian Wang
Yingli Lu
Chi Chen
Fangzhen Xia
Yuying Wang
Heng Wan
author_sort Wen Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Introduction Exposure to malnutrition in early life has been found to significantly elevate type 2 diabetes risk in adulthood. However, the changes in metabolites resulting from malnutrition in early life have not been studied. The aim of this study was to identify metabolites with levels associated with type 2 diabetes resulting from exposure to China’s Great Famine (1959–1962).Research design and methods Participants were from SPECT-China 2014 and SPECT-China2 2019, two cross-sectional studies performed at the same site. In total, 2171 subjects participated in SPECT-China and SPECT-China2 simultaneously. The sample size of fetal-exposed (1959–1962) versus non-exposed (1963–1974) individuals was 82 vs 79 in 2014 and 97 vs 94 in 2019. Metabolomic profiling was performed between famine-exposed and non-exposed groups.Results Among the different famine exposure groups, the fetal-exposed group (1959–1962) had the greatest incidence rate (12.5%), with an OR of 2.11 (95% CI 1.01 to 4.44), compared with the non-exposed group (1963–1974). Moreover, compared with those in the non-exposed group (1963–1974), four metabolites (indole-3-carbinol (I3C), phosphatidylcholine (PC) (22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/16:1(9Z)), pyrimidine, and PC(16:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))) showed significantly lower relative intensities in the famine and diabetes groups both in 2014 and 2019. Pyrimidine significantly mediated the association of famine exposure with diabetes, and I3C marginally mediated this association.Conclusions Famine exposure in the fetal period could increase type 2 diabetes risk in adults, even those in their 60s. I3C and pyrimidine are potential mediators of the effects of famine exposure on diabetes development.
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spelling doaj-art-d3c1b4b2a9ea49b186c9d1267f233bd52025-08-20T01:58:46ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care2052-48972021-03-019110.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001935Metabolites in the association between early-life famine exposure and type 2 diabetes in adulthood over a 5-year follow-up periodWen Zhang0Ningjian Wang1Yingli Lu2Chi Chen3Fangzhen Xia4Yuying Wang5Heng Wan6Department of Perinatal Health Care, Capital Medical University Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Beijing, ChinaInstitute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai 9th Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaInstitute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaInstitute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaInstitute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai 9th Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaInstitute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai 9th Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaInstitute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People`s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaIntroduction Exposure to malnutrition in early life has been found to significantly elevate type 2 diabetes risk in adulthood. However, the changes in metabolites resulting from malnutrition in early life have not been studied. The aim of this study was to identify metabolites with levels associated with type 2 diabetes resulting from exposure to China’s Great Famine (1959–1962).Research design and methods Participants were from SPECT-China 2014 and SPECT-China2 2019, two cross-sectional studies performed at the same site. In total, 2171 subjects participated in SPECT-China and SPECT-China2 simultaneously. The sample size of fetal-exposed (1959–1962) versus non-exposed (1963–1974) individuals was 82 vs 79 in 2014 and 97 vs 94 in 2019. Metabolomic profiling was performed between famine-exposed and non-exposed groups.Results Among the different famine exposure groups, the fetal-exposed group (1959–1962) had the greatest incidence rate (12.5%), with an OR of 2.11 (95% CI 1.01 to 4.44), compared with the non-exposed group (1963–1974). Moreover, compared with those in the non-exposed group (1963–1974), four metabolites (indole-3-carbinol (I3C), phosphatidylcholine (PC) (22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/16:1(9Z)), pyrimidine, and PC(16:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))) showed significantly lower relative intensities in the famine and diabetes groups both in 2014 and 2019. Pyrimidine significantly mediated the association of famine exposure with diabetes, and I3C marginally mediated this association.Conclusions Famine exposure in the fetal period could increase type 2 diabetes risk in adults, even those in their 60s. I3C and pyrimidine are potential mediators of the effects of famine exposure on diabetes development.https://drc.bmj.com/content/9/1/e001935.full
spellingShingle Wen Zhang
Ningjian Wang
Yingli Lu
Chi Chen
Fangzhen Xia
Yuying Wang
Heng Wan
Metabolites in the association between early-life famine exposure and type 2 diabetes in adulthood over a 5-year follow-up period
BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care
title Metabolites in the association between early-life famine exposure and type 2 diabetes in adulthood over a 5-year follow-up period
title_full Metabolites in the association between early-life famine exposure and type 2 diabetes in adulthood over a 5-year follow-up period
title_fullStr Metabolites in the association between early-life famine exposure and type 2 diabetes in adulthood over a 5-year follow-up period
title_full_unstemmed Metabolites in the association between early-life famine exposure and type 2 diabetes in adulthood over a 5-year follow-up period
title_short Metabolites in the association between early-life famine exposure and type 2 diabetes in adulthood over a 5-year follow-up period
title_sort metabolites in the association between early life famine exposure and type 2 diabetes in adulthood over a 5 year follow up period
url https://drc.bmj.com/content/9/1/e001935.full
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