The dual role of diabetes on oral potentially malignant disorders
Abstract Background Observational studies suggest a link between diabetes and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), such as oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral leukoplakia (OLK). The causal relationship, as well as the type of diabetes that promotes OPMDs development, remains unclear. This Men...
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BMC
2025-03-01
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| Series: | European Journal of Medical Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02462-1 |
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| author | Xin Chen Zheng Cheng Junyu Xu Qianyi Wang Zhibai Zhao Qing Cheng Qianglin Jiang |
| author_facet | Xin Chen Zheng Cheng Junyu Xu Qianyi Wang Zhibai Zhao Qing Cheng Qianglin Jiang |
| author_sort | Xin Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Observational studies suggest a link between diabetes and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), such as oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral leukoplakia (OLK). The causal relationship, as well as the type of diabetes that promotes OPMDs development, remains unclear. This Mendelian randomization (MR) study estimated the causal effects of diabetes-related traits on OPMDs. Methods Large-scale genome-wide association study data on type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), fasting glucose (FG), fasting insulin (FI), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), OLP, OLK, and actinic cheilitis (AC) were used. Causal effects were assessed using inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR–Egger methods. Multivariable MR analyses evaluated the independent roles of these traits, with extensive sensitivity analyses. Results Genetic susceptibility to T1D (IVW OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.17, P = 0.007) and T2D (IVW OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.86–0.97, P = 0.002) showed protective effects against AC. T1D was associated with an increased risk of OLP (IVW OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.17, P = 0.007). The effect of T1D on AC and OLP remained robust after adjusting for FI, FG, and HbA1c, while T2D's effect on AC was not significant when considering these glycemic traits. No potential pleiotropy was detected (P > 0.05). Conclusions T1D may have a causal role in the development of OLP independent of glycemic traits, emphasizing the need for routine oral examinations in T1D patients. Conversely, genetically predicted T1D and T2D are significantly associated with a reduced risk of AC, challenging previous assumptions and offering new insights into the relationship between diabetes and OPMDs. Further extensive investigations are required to address the limitations of this study and to clarify these associations. Graphical abstract |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d3ba595f78264e41968c1aaf54df1c36 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2047-783X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Journal of Medical Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-d3ba595f78264e41968c1aaf54df1c362025-08-20T03:41:12ZengBMCEuropean Journal of Medical Research2047-783X2025-03-0130111410.1186/s40001-025-02462-1The dual role of diabetes on oral potentially malignant disordersXin Chen0Zheng Cheng1Junyu Xu2Qianyi Wang3Zhibai Zhao4Qing Cheng5Qianglin Jiang6Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jiangyin People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nantong UniversityDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jiangyin People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nantong UniversityDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jiangyin People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nantong UniversityDepartment of Cardiology, Jiangyin People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nantong UniversityDepartment of Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jiangyin People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nantong UniversityDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jiangyin People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nantong UniversityAbstract Background Observational studies suggest a link between diabetes and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), such as oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral leukoplakia (OLK). The causal relationship, as well as the type of diabetes that promotes OPMDs development, remains unclear. This Mendelian randomization (MR) study estimated the causal effects of diabetes-related traits on OPMDs. Methods Large-scale genome-wide association study data on type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), fasting glucose (FG), fasting insulin (FI), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), OLP, OLK, and actinic cheilitis (AC) were used. Causal effects were assessed using inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR–Egger methods. Multivariable MR analyses evaluated the independent roles of these traits, with extensive sensitivity analyses. Results Genetic susceptibility to T1D (IVW OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.17, P = 0.007) and T2D (IVW OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.86–0.97, P = 0.002) showed protective effects against AC. T1D was associated with an increased risk of OLP (IVW OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.17, P = 0.007). The effect of T1D on AC and OLP remained robust after adjusting for FI, FG, and HbA1c, while T2D's effect on AC was not significant when considering these glycemic traits. No potential pleiotropy was detected (P > 0.05). Conclusions T1D may have a causal role in the development of OLP independent of glycemic traits, emphasizing the need for routine oral examinations in T1D patients. Conversely, genetically predicted T1D and T2D are significantly associated with a reduced risk of AC, challenging previous assumptions and offering new insights into the relationship between diabetes and OPMDs. Further extensive investigations are required to address the limitations of this study and to clarify these associations. Graphical abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02462-1Mendelian randomization analysisOral lichen planusOral leukoplakiaActinic cheilitisDiabetes mellitus |
| spellingShingle | Xin Chen Zheng Cheng Junyu Xu Qianyi Wang Zhibai Zhao Qing Cheng Qianglin Jiang The dual role of diabetes on oral potentially malignant disorders European Journal of Medical Research Mendelian randomization analysis Oral lichen planus Oral leukoplakia Actinic cheilitis Diabetes mellitus |
| title | The dual role of diabetes on oral potentially malignant disorders |
| title_full | The dual role of diabetes on oral potentially malignant disorders |
| title_fullStr | The dual role of diabetes on oral potentially malignant disorders |
| title_full_unstemmed | The dual role of diabetes on oral potentially malignant disorders |
| title_short | The dual role of diabetes on oral potentially malignant disorders |
| title_sort | dual role of diabetes on oral potentially malignant disorders |
| topic | Mendelian randomization analysis Oral lichen planus Oral leukoplakia Actinic cheilitis Diabetes mellitus |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02462-1 |
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