Risk Factors for the Development of Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
ABSTRACT Background Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the most widely established precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Despite current screening guidelines, more than 90% of EAC patients lack a previous diagnosis of BE. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to identify the most...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Cancer Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70168 |
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| author | Kais Antonios Daniel Aintabi Patricia McNally Elliot Berinstein Priyata Dutta Nicholas Sampson Sichao Wang Claudia Villarreal Carrillo Brahm Singh Marjan Haider Richard A. Shellenberger |
| author_facet | Kais Antonios Daniel Aintabi Patricia McNally Elliot Berinstein Priyata Dutta Nicholas Sampson Sichao Wang Claudia Villarreal Carrillo Brahm Singh Marjan Haider Richard A. Shellenberger |
| author_sort | Kais Antonios |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Background Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the most widely established precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Despite current screening guidelines, more than 90% of EAC patients lack a previous diagnosis of BE. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to identify the most important risk factors for the development of BE or EAC. Recent Findings PubMed.gov, Ovid Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched through March 15, 2024. Studies comparing characteristics of patients with endoscopically diagnosed BE or EAC to control groups satisfied our inclusion criteria. Dual extraction provided data for random‐effects meta‐analyses. Sufficient data were extracted from 54 included studies to perform our meta‐analyses. There were five risk factors with significant associations for the development of BE: symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux at least once weekly (OR, 3.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.03–6.25; p = 0.004) tobacco smoking (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.30–1.51; p < 0.001); alcohol use (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.10–1.71; p = 0.008); male gender (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.19–1.57; p < 0.001); and obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.09–1.39; p = 0.003). Tobacco smoking was significantly associated with the diagnosis of EAC (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.85–2.43; p < 0.001). Conclusion Five risk factors showed significant associations with the development of BE and one with the development of EAC, with over a three‐fold increase in BE for patients with gastroesophageal reflux more than once weekly. These data could prove useful in developing diagnostic paradigms with higher emphasis on patients experiencing more frequent acid reflux. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d3b8e6f686aa4c739a830027aebcdaf9 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2573-8348 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancer Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-d3b8e6f686aa4c739a830027aebcdaf92025-08-20T02:10:28ZengWileyCancer Reports2573-83482025-03-0183n/an/a10.1002/cnr2.70168Risk Factors for the Development of Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta‐AnalysisKais Antonios0Daniel Aintabi1Patricia McNally2Elliot Berinstein3Priyata Dutta4Nicholas Sampson5Sichao Wang6Claudia Villarreal Carrillo7Brahm Singh8Marjan Haider9Richard A. Shellenberger10Trinity Health Ann Arbor Hospital Ann Arbor Michigan USATrinity Health Ann Arbor Hospital Ann Arbor Michigan USATrinity Health Ann Arbor Hospital Ann Arbor Michigan USATrinity Health Ann Arbor Hospital Ann Arbor Michigan USATrinity Health Ann Arbor Hospital Ann Arbor Michigan USAMichigan State University East Lansing Michigan USAMichigan State University East Lansing Michigan USATrinity Health Ann Arbor Hospital Ann Arbor Michigan USATrinity Health Ann Arbor Hospital Ann Arbor Michigan USATrinity Health Ann Arbor Hospital Ann Arbor Michigan USAInternal Medicine Trinity Health Ann Arbor Hospital Ypsilanti Michigan USAABSTRACT Background Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the most widely established precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Despite current screening guidelines, more than 90% of EAC patients lack a previous diagnosis of BE. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to identify the most important risk factors for the development of BE or EAC. Recent Findings PubMed.gov, Ovid Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched through March 15, 2024. Studies comparing characteristics of patients with endoscopically diagnosed BE or EAC to control groups satisfied our inclusion criteria. Dual extraction provided data for random‐effects meta‐analyses. Sufficient data were extracted from 54 included studies to perform our meta‐analyses. There were five risk factors with significant associations for the development of BE: symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux at least once weekly (OR, 3.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.03–6.25; p = 0.004) tobacco smoking (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.30–1.51; p < 0.001); alcohol use (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.10–1.71; p = 0.008); male gender (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.19–1.57; p < 0.001); and obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.09–1.39; p = 0.003). Tobacco smoking was significantly associated with the diagnosis of EAC (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.85–2.43; p < 0.001). Conclusion Five risk factors showed significant associations with the development of BE and one with the development of EAC, with over a three‐fold increase in BE for patients with gastroesophageal reflux more than once weekly. These data could prove useful in developing diagnostic paradigms with higher emphasis on patients experiencing more frequent acid reflux.https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70168Barrett's esophaguscancer epidemiologycancer screeningearly detectionesophageal adenocarcinomagastroesophageal reflux |
| spellingShingle | Kais Antonios Daniel Aintabi Patricia McNally Elliot Berinstein Priyata Dutta Nicholas Sampson Sichao Wang Claudia Villarreal Carrillo Brahm Singh Marjan Haider Richard A. Shellenberger Risk Factors for the Development of Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Cancer Reports Barrett's esophagus cancer epidemiology cancer screening early detection esophageal adenocarcinoma gastroesophageal reflux |
| title | Risk Factors for the Development of Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis |
| title_full | Risk Factors for the Development of Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Risk Factors for the Development of Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk Factors for the Development of Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis |
| title_short | Risk Factors for the Development of Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis |
| title_sort | risk factors for the development of barrett s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | Barrett's esophagus cancer epidemiology cancer screening early detection esophageal adenocarcinoma gastroesophageal reflux |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70168 |
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