Transformer-Based Air-to-Ground mmWave Channel Characteristics Prediction for 6G UAV Communications
With the increasing development of 6th-generation (6G) air-to-ground (A2G) communications, the combination of millimeter-wave (mmWave) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies can offer unprecedented bandwidth and capacity for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications. The introduct...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3731 |
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| author | Borui Huang Zhichao Xin Fan Yang Yuyang Zhang Yu Liu Jie Huang Ji Bian |
| author_facet | Borui Huang Zhichao Xin Fan Yang Yuyang Zhang Yu Liu Jie Huang Ji Bian |
| author_sort | Borui Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the increasing development of 6th-generation (6G) air-to-ground (A2G) communications, the combination of millimeter-wave (mmWave) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies can offer unprecedented bandwidth and capacity for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications. The introduction of new technologies will also make the UAV channel characteristics more complex and variable, posing higher requirements for UAV channel modeling. This paper presents a novel predictive channel modeling method based on Transformer architecture by integrating data-driven approaches with UAV air-to-ground channel modeling. By introducing the mmWave and MIMO into UAV communications, the channel data of UAVs at various flight altitudes is first collected. Based on the Transformer network, the typical UAV channel characteristics, such as received power, delay spread, and angular spread, are then predicted and analyzed. The results indicate that the proposed predictive method exhibits excellent performance in prediction accuracy and stability, effectively addressing the complexity and variability of channel characteristics caused by mmWave bands and MIMO technology. This method not only provides strong support for the design and optimization of future 6G UAV communication systems but also lays a solid communication foundation for the widespread application of UAVs in intelligent transportation, logistics, and other fields in the future. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d3b016aa03af447bb8c8f5f60c795c98 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-d3b016aa03af447bb8c8f5f60c795c982025-08-20T03:16:39ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-06-012512373110.3390/s25123731Transformer-Based Air-to-Ground mmWave Channel Characteristics Prediction for 6G UAV CommunicationsBorui Huang0Zhichao Xin1Fan Yang2Yuyang Zhang3Yu Liu4Jie Huang5Ji Bian6School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, ChinaSchool of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, ChinaSchool of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, ChinaSchool of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, ChinaSchool of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, ChinaNational Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, ChinaSchool of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250399, ChinaWith the increasing development of 6th-generation (6G) air-to-ground (A2G) communications, the combination of millimeter-wave (mmWave) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies can offer unprecedented bandwidth and capacity for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications. The introduction of new technologies will also make the UAV channel characteristics more complex and variable, posing higher requirements for UAV channel modeling. This paper presents a novel predictive channel modeling method based on Transformer architecture by integrating data-driven approaches with UAV air-to-ground channel modeling. By introducing the mmWave and MIMO into UAV communications, the channel data of UAVs at various flight altitudes is first collected. Based on the Transformer network, the typical UAV channel characteristics, such as received power, delay spread, and angular spread, are then predicted and analyzed. The results indicate that the proposed predictive method exhibits excellent performance in prediction accuracy and stability, effectively addressing the complexity and variability of channel characteristics caused by mmWave bands and MIMO technology. This method not only provides strong support for the design and optimization of future 6G UAV communication systems but also lays a solid communication foundation for the widespread application of UAVs in intelligent transportation, logistics, and other fields in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3731channel characteristic predictionunmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) air-to-ground channelsmillimeter-wave (mmWave)multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) |
| spellingShingle | Borui Huang Zhichao Xin Fan Yang Yuyang Zhang Yu Liu Jie Huang Ji Bian Transformer-Based Air-to-Ground mmWave Channel Characteristics Prediction for 6G UAV Communications Sensors channel characteristic prediction unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) air-to-ground channels millimeter-wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) |
| title | Transformer-Based Air-to-Ground mmWave Channel Characteristics Prediction for 6G UAV Communications |
| title_full | Transformer-Based Air-to-Ground mmWave Channel Characteristics Prediction for 6G UAV Communications |
| title_fullStr | Transformer-Based Air-to-Ground mmWave Channel Characteristics Prediction for 6G UAV Communications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transformer-Based Air-to-Ground mmWave Channel Characteristics Prediction for 6G UAV Communications |
| title_short | Transformer-Based Air-to-Ground mmWave Channel Characteristics Prediction for 6G UAV Communications |
| title_sort | transformer based air to ground mmwave channel characteristics prediction for 6g uav communications |
| topic | channel characteristic prediction unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) air-to-ground channels millimeter-wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3731 |
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