Single or Combined Supplementation of <i>Rhodotorula</i> Yeast Culture and <i>Bacillus Subtilis</i> Enhances Intestinal Barrier Function in Yellow-Feathered Broilers
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with <i>Rhodotorula</i> yeast cultures (RYC) and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (BS), alone or in combination, on growth performance and intestinal barrier function in yellow-feathered broilers. A 2 × 2 factoria...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Xiangtan Su Ke Wang Yeqing Liu Xinyu Lu Meiru Chen Jianlong Dang Gaowei Zhang Guang Yang Aiqin Gao Yuanqing Xu |
| author_facet | Xiangtan Su Ke Wang Yeqing Liu Xinyu Lu Meiru Chen Jianlong Dang Gaowei Zhang Guang Yang Aiqin Gao Yuanqing Xu |
| author_sort | Xiangtan Su |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with <i>Rhodotorula</i> yeast cultures (RYC) and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (BS), alone or in combination, on growth performance and intestinal barrier function in yellow-feathered broilers. A 2 × 2 factorial interaction study was conducted, in which a total of 192 one-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly assigned into four treatment groups: CON group, fed a basal diet; BS group, supplemented with 5 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/kg of BS; RYC group, supplemented with 5000 mg/kg of RYC; and RYC + BS group, supplemented with both. During the 56-day experimental period, body weight, average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio were not significantly affected by RYC, BS, or their interaction (<i>p</i> > 0.05). In the jejunum, the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio was significantly increased by the interaction of RYC and BS (<i>p</i> < 0.05). mRNA expression of tight junction proteins (<i>JAM2</i>, <i>TJP1</i>) was significantly upregulated by BS alone (<i>p</i> < 0.05), but this effect was diminished when RYC and BS were combined, indicating an antagonistic interaction between the two supplements. Mucin-2 (<i>MUC2</i>) expression was significantly increased by RYC or BS alone (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In immune function analysis, IgM levels were significantly increased by RYC alone but decreased when RYC and BS were combined (<i>p</i> < 0.05), further highlighting their antagonistic interaction. BS supplementation significantly increased IgG and pro-inflammatory gene expression (<i>TNFA</i>, <i>IL1B</i>, and <i>NFKB1</i>) (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while RYC supplementation reduced IFN-γ and increased anti-inflammatory gene expression (<i>IL10</i> and <i>MyD88</i>). Cecal microbial analysis revealed increased abundance of <i>g_Bacillus</i> in the BS group, <i>g_norank_f__norank_o__Clostridia_UCG-014</i> in the RYC group, and <i>g_norank_f__norank_o__norank_c_Clostridia</i> in the BS + RYC group were significantly increased compared to the CON group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These results suggest that RYC and BS, as dietary supplements, may enhance intestinal health and barrier function in yellow-feathered broilers with minimal effects on growth performance. However, the antagonistic interactions between RYC and BS in modulating immune responses and tight junction protein expression highlight the need for careful consideration when combining these supplements in poultry nutrition strategies. |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-d39cfcfdd9d64c77994dac9bb4fd710c2025-08-20T02:21:52ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812025-06-0112655810.3390/vetsci12060558Single or Combined Supplementation of <i>Rhodotorula</i> Yeast Culture and <i>Bacillus Subtilis</i> Enhances Intestinal Barrier Function in Yellow-Feathered BroilersXiangtan Su0Ke Wang1Yeqing Liu2Xinyu Lu3Meiru Chen4Jianlong Dang5Gaowei Zhang6Guang Yang7Aiqin Gao8Yuanqing Xu9College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaThis study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with <i>Rhodotorula</i> yeast cultures (RYC) and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (BS), alone or in combination, on growth performance and intestinal barrier function in yellow-feathered broilers. A 2 × 2 factorial interaction study was conducted, in which a total of 192 one-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly assigned into four treatment groups: CON group, fed a basal diet; BS group, supplemented with 5 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/kg of BS; RYC group, supplemented with 5000 mg/kg of RYC; and RYC + BS group, supplemented with both. During the 56-day experimental period, body weight, average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio were not significantly affected by RYC, BS, or their interaction (<i>p</i> > 0.05). In the jejunum, the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio was significantly increased by the interaction of RYC and BS (<i>p</i> < 0.05). mRNA expression of tight junction proteins (<i>JAM2</i>, <i>TJP1</i>) was significantly upregulated by BS alone (<i>p</i> < 0.05), but this effect was diminished when RYC and BS were combined, indicating an antagonistic interaction between the two supplements. Mucin-2 (<i>MUC2</i>) expression was significantly increased by RYC or BS alone (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In immune function analysis, IgM levels were significantly increased by RYC alone but decreased when RYC and BS were combined (<i>p</i> < 0.05), further highlighting their antagonistic interaction. BS supplementation significantly increased IgG and pro-inflammatory gene expression (<i>TNFA</i>, <i>IL1B</i>, and <i>NFKB1</i>) (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while RYC supplementation reduced IFN-γ and increased anti-inflammatory gene expression (<i>IL10</i> and <i>MyD88</i>). Cecal microbial analysis revealed increased abundance of <i>g_Bacillus</i> in the BS group, <i>g_norank_f__norank_o__Clostridia_UCG-014</i> in the RYC group, and <i>g_norank_f__norank_o__norank_c_Clostridia</i> in the BS + RYC group were significantly increased compared to the CON group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These results suggest that RYC and BS, as dietary supplements, may enhance intestinal health and barrier function in yellow-feathered broilers with minimal effects on growth performance. However, the antagonistic interactions between RYC and BS in modulating immune responses and tight junction protein expression highlight the need for careful consideration when combining these supplements in poultry nutrition strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/6/558yellow-feathered broilers<i>Rhodotorula</i> yeast culture<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>intestinal immunityintestinal barrier function |
| spellingShingle | Xiangtan Su Ke Wang Yeqing Liu Xinyu Lu Meiru Chen Jianlong Dang Gaowei Zhang Guang Yang Aiqin Gao Yuanqing Xu Single or Combined Supplementation of <i>Rhodotorula</i> Yeast Culture and <i>Bacillus Subtilis</i> Enhances Intestinal Barrier Function in Yellow-Feathered Broilers Veterinary Sciences yellow-feathered broilers <i>Rhodotorula</i> yeast culture <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> intestinal immunity intestinal barrier function |
| title | Single or Combined Supplementation of <i>Rhodotorula</i> Yeast Culture and <i>Bacillus Subtilis</i> Enhances Intestinal Barrier Function in Yellow-Feathered Broilers |
| title_full | Single or Combined Supplementation of <i>Rhodotorula</i> Yeast Culture and <i>Bacillus Subtilis</i> Enhances Intestinal Barrier Function in Yellow-Feathered Broilers |
| title_fullStr | Single or Combined Supplementation of <i>Rhodotorula</i> Yeast Culture and <i>Bacillus Subtilis</i> Enhances Intestinal Barrier Function in Yellow-Feathered Broilers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Single or Combined Supplementation of <i>Rhodotorula</i> Yeast Culture and <i>Bacillus Subtilis</i> Enhances Intestinal Barrier Function in Yellow-Feathered Broilers |
| title_short | Single or Combined Supplementation of <i>Rhodotorula</i> Yeast Culture and <i>Bacillus Subtilis</i> Enhances Intestinal Barrier Function in Yellow-Feathered Broilers |
| title_sort | single or combined supplementation of i rhodotorula i yeast culture and i bacillus subtilis i enhances intestinal barrier function in yellow feathered broilers |
| topic | yellow-feathered broilers <i>Rhodotorula</i> yeast culture <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> intestinal immunity intestinal barrier function |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/6/558 |
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