Global Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> in Melioidosis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

<b>Background</b>: <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i>, the causative agent of melioidosis, is intrinsically resistant to multiple antibiotics, posing substantial challenges for treatment. Reports of acquired resistance are increasing, underscoring the need for global surveillan...

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Main Authors: Jongkonnee Thanasai, Sa-Ngob Laklaeng, Supphachoke Khemla, Khonesavanh Ratanavong, Moragot Chatatikun, Jitbanjong Tangpong, Wiyada Kwanhian Klangbud
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Antibiotics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/7/647
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author Jongkonnee Thanasai
Sa-Ngob Laklaeng
Supphachoke Khemla
Khonesavanh Ratanavong
Moragot Chatatikun
Jitbanjong Tangpong
Wiyada Kwanhian Klangbud
author_facet Jongkonnee Thanasai
Sa-Ngob Laklaeng
Supphachoke Khemla
Khonesavanh Ratanavong
Moragot Chatatikun
Jitbanjong Tangpong
Wiyada Kwanhian Klangbud
author_sort Jongkonnee Thanasai
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background</b>: <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i>, the causative agent of melioidosis, is intrinsically resistant to multiple antibiotics, posing substantial challenges for treatment. Reports of acquired resistance are increasing, underscoring the need for global surveillance. <b>Objective</b>: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the global prevalence of antibiotic-resistant <i>B. pseudomallei</i> isolated from human clinical cases, with a focus on regional differences and variations in antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. <b>Methods:</b> We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Embase for studies reporting resistance in clinical <i>B. pseudomallei</i> isolates, following PRISMA guidelines. Pooled resistance rates to 11 antibiotics were calculated using a random-effect model. Subgroup analyses were performed based on geographical region and testing methodology (MIC vs. disk diffusion). <b>Results:</b> Twelve studies comprising 10,391 isolates were included. Resistance rates varied across antibiotics, with the highest pooled resistance observed for tigecycline (46.3%) and ciprofloxacin (38.3%). Ceftazidime (CAZ) and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (SXT), commonly used first-line agents, showed resistance rates of 5.3% and 4.2%, respectively. Subgroup analyses of CAZ and SXT revealed significantly higher resistance in studies from Asia compared to Australia and America (<i>p</i> value < 0.0001). Disk diffusion methods tended to overestimate resistance compared to MIC-based approaches, which revealed non-significant differences for CAZ (<i>p</i> value = 0.5343) but significant differences for SXT (<i>p</i> value < 0.0001). <b>Conclusions:</b> Antibiotic resistance in <i>B. pseudomallei</i> exhibits regional variation and is influenced by the susceptibility testing method used. Surveillance programs and standardized antimicrobial susceptibility testing protocols are essential to guide effective treatment strategies and ensure accurate resistance reporting.
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spelling doaj-art-d393f63593de4f8b9674ea20be5e6e3c2025-08-20T03:55:48ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822025-06-0114764710.3390/antibiotics14070647Global Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> in Melioidosis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisJongkonnee Thanasai0Sa-Ngob Laklaeng1Supphachoke Khemla2Khonesavanh Ratanavong3Moragot Chatatikun4Jitbanjong Tangpong5Wiyada Kwanhian Klangbud6Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, ThailandSchool of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, ThailandDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Nakhon Phanom Hospital, Nakhon Phanom 48000, ThailandSavannakhet Health Science College, Savanakhet 13000, LaosSchool of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, ThailandSchool of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, ThailandMedical Technology Program, Faculty of Science, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom 48000, Thailand<b>Background</b>: <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i>, the causative agent of melioidosis, is intrinsically resistant to multiple antibiotics, posing substantial challenges for treatment. Reports of acquired resistance are increasing, underscoring the need for global surveillance. <b>Objective</b>: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the global prevalence of antibiotic-resistant <i>B. pseudomallei</i> isolated from human clinical cases, with a focus on regional differences and variations in antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. <b>Methods:</b> We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Embase for studies reporting resistance in clinical <i>B. pseudomallei</i> isolates, following PRISMA guidelines. Pooled resistance rates to 11 antibiotics were calculated using a random-effect model. Subgroup analyses were performed based on geographical region and testing methodology (MIC vs. disk diffusion). <b>Results:</b> Twelve studies comprising 10,391 isolates were included. Resistance rates varied across antibiotics, with the highest pooled resistance observed for tigecycline (46.3%) and ciprofloxacin (38.3%). Ceftazidime (CAZ) and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (SXT), commonly used first-line agents, showed resistance rates of 5.3% and 4.2%, respectively. Subgroup analyses of CAZ and SXT revealed significantly higher resistance in studies from Asia compared to Australia and America (<i>p</i> value < 0.0001). Disk diffusion methods tended to overestimate resistance compared to MIC-based approaches, which revealed non-significant differences for CAZ (<i>p</i> value = 0.5343) but significant differences for SXT (<i>p</i> value < 0.0001). <b>Conclusions:</b> Antibiotic resistance in <i>B. pseudomallei</i> exhibits regional variation and is influenced by the susceptibility testing method used. Surveillance programs and standardized antimicrobial susceptibility testing protocols are essential to guide effective treatment strategies and ensure accurate resistance reporting.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/7/647<i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i>melioidosisantimicrobial resistanceantibiotic resistance surveillanceantimicrobial susceptibility testingpublic health
spellingShingle Jongkonnee Thanasai
Sa-Ngob Laklaeng
Supphachoke Khemla
Khonesavanh Ratanavong
Moragot Chatatikun
Jitbanjong Tangpong
Wiyada Kwanhian Klangbud
Global Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> in Melioidosis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Antibiotics
<i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i>
melioidosis
antimicrobial resistance
antibiotic resistance surveillance
antimicrobial susceptibility testing
public health
title Global Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> in Melioidosis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full Global Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> in Melioidosis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr Global Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> in Melioidosis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Global Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> in Melioidosis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_short Global Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> in Melioidosis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_sort global prevalence of antibiotic resistant i burkholderia pseudomallei i in melioidosis patients a systematic review and meta analysis
topic <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i>
melioidosis
antimicrobial resistance
antibiotic resistance surveillance
antimicrobial susceptibility testing
public health
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/7/647
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