Co-effects of COVID-19 and Meteorology on PM2.5 Decrease in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: A Comparison of 2016–2019 and 2020–2021
Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) measures during 2020–2021 may lead to a downward trend of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), which is one of the most air-polluted cities in Vietnam. This study aimed to compare PM2.5 variations during the COVID...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230186 |
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| author | Cong-Thanh Tran Le My Thuan Nguyen Tzong-Gang Wu Chang-Fu Wu To Thi Hien Kuo-Liong Chien |
| author_facet | Cong-Thanh Tran Le My Thuan Nguyen Tzong-Gang Wu Chang-Fu Wu To Thi Hien Kuo-Liong Chien |
| author_sort | Cong-Thanh Tran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) measures during 2020–2021 may lead to a downward trend of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), which is one of the most air-polluted cities in Vietnam. This study aimed to compare PM2.5 variations during the COVID-19 period (2020–2021) with a short-term trend of PM2.5 (2016–2019) in HCMC in conjunction with meteorological conditions. Five fixed-site locations were chosen to monitor PM2.5 concentrations by using low-cost particulate matter sensors (Purple Air II-SD) in five urban districts of HCMC from December 2019 to March 2021. This study also collected hourly PM2.5 concentrations from the United States Consulate General HCMC and meteorological variables (i.e., wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, and relative humidity) from the weather station at Tan Son Nhat International Airport, 2016–2021. PM2.5 concentrations of the COVID-19 period in HCMC were notably less than those of the 2016–2019 period by 18%. However, about half of the days during this period still had daily PM2.5 concentrations exceeding the World Health Organization’s standard of 15 μg m−3. Besides the impacts of COVID-19 restrictions on the PM2.5 decrease, noticeable co-effects of meteorological variables on the decline of PM2.5 in HCMC were also observed in the rainy season and with the west-south-west monsoon wind direction. Wind speed and air temperature substantially contributed to PM2.5 reductions in Bayesian multiple linear regression models. In conclusion, the large decrease of PM2.5 concentrations during the unprecedented period of COVID-19 pandemic gave us a better chance to more fully comprehend the PM2.5 pollution status in HCMC for future reference. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d3881dca4a24490b82ea19f10bf605ca |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-d3881dca4a24490b82ea19f10bf605ca2025-02-09T12:23:52ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092024-01-0124312010.4209/aaqr.230186Co-effects of COVID-19 and Meteorology on PM2.5 Decrease in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: A Comparison of 2016–2019 and 2020–2021Cong-Thanh Tran0Le My Thuan Nguyen1Tzong-Gang Wu2Chang-Fu Wu3To Thi Hien4Kuo-Liong Chien5Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan UniversityUniversity of Science, Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh CityInstitute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan UniversityInstitute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan UniversityUniversity of Science, Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh CityInstitute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan UniversityAbstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) measures during 2020–2021 may lead to a downward trend of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), which is one of the most air-polluted cities in Vietnam. This study aimed to compare PM2.5 variations during the COVID-19 period (2020–2021) with a short-term trend of PM2.5 (2016–2019) in HCMC in conjunction with meteorological conditions. Five fixed-site locations were chosen to monitor PM2.5 concentrations by using low-cost particulate matter sensors (Purple Air II-SD) in five urban districts of HCMC from December 2019 to March 2021. This study also collected hourly PM2.5 concentrations from the United States Consulate General HCMC and meteorological variables (i.e., wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, and relative humidity) from the weather station at Tan Son Nhat International Airport, 2016–2021. PM2.5 concentrations of the COVID-19 period in HCMC were notably less than those of the 2016–2019 period by 18%. However, about half of the days during this period still had daily PM2.5 concentrations exceeding the World Health Organization’s standard of 15 μg m−3. Besides the impacts of COVID-19 restrictions on the PM2.5 decrease, noticeable co-effects of meteorological variables on the decline of PM2.5 in HCMC were also observed in the rainy season and with the west-south-west monsoon wind direction. Wind speed and air temperature substantially contributed to PM2.5 reductions in Bayesian multiple linear regression models. In conclusion, the large decrease of PM2.5 concentrations during the unprecedented period of COVID-19 pandemic gave us a better chance to more fully comprehend the PM2.5 pollution status in HCMC for future reference.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230186Air pollutionCoronavirusWeather conditionsLow-cost sensorsBayesian |
| spellingShingle | Cong-Thanh Tran Le My Thuan Nguyen Tzong-Gang Wu Chang-Fu Wu To Thi Hien Kuo-Liong Chien Co-effects of COVID-19 and Meteorology on PM2.5 Decrease in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: A Comparison of 2016–2019 and 2020–2021 Aerosol and Air Quality Research Air pollution Coronavirus Weather conditions Low-cost sensors Bayesian |
| title | Co-effects of COVID-19 and Meteorology on PM2.5 Decrease in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: A Comparison of 2016–2019 and 2020–2021 |
| title_full | Co-effects of COVID-19 and Meteorology on PM2.5 Decrease in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: A Comparison of 2016–2019 and 2020–2021 |
| title_fullStr | Co-effects of COVID-19 and Meteorology on PM2.5 Decrease in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: A Comparison of 2016–2019 and 2020–2021 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Co-effects of COVID-19 and Meteorology on PM2.5 Decrease in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: A Comparison of 2016–2019 and 2020–2021 |
| title_short | Co-effects of COVID-19 and Meteorology on PM2.5 Decrease in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: A Comparison of 2016–2019 and 2020–2021 |
| title_sort | co effects of covid 19 and meteorology on pm2 5 decrease in ho chi minh city vietnam a comparison of 2016 2019 and 2020 2021 |
| topic | Air pollution Coronavirus Weather conditions Low-cost sensors Bayesian |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230186 |
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