How Phase Transitions Impact Changes in Mantle Convection Style Throughout Earth's History: From Stalled Plumes to Surface Dynamics

Abstract Mineral phase transitions can either hinder or accelerate mantle flow. In the present day, the formation of the bridgmanite + ferropericlase assemblage from ringwoodite at 660 km depth has been found to cause weak and intermittent layering of mantle convection. However, for the higher tempe...

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Main Authors: Ranpeng Li, Juliane Dannberg, Rene Gassmöller, Carolina Lithgow‐Bertelloni, Lars Stixrude
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-02-01
Series:Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GC011600
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author Ranpeng Li
Juliane Dannberg
Rene Gassmöller
Carolina Lithgow‐Bertelloni
Lars Stixrude
author_facet Ranpeng Li
Juliane Dannberg
Rene Gassmöller
Carolina Lithgow‐Bertelloni
Lars Stixrude
author_sort Ranpeng Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Mineral phase transitions can either hinder or accelerate mantle flow. In the present day, the formation of the bridgmanite + ferropericlase assemblage from ringwoodite at 660 km depth has been found to cause weak and intermittent layering of mantle convection. However, for the higher temperatures in Earth's past, different phase transitions could have controlled mantle dynamics. We investigate the potential changes in convection style during Earth's secular cooling using a new numerical technique that reformulates the energy conservation equation in terms of specific entropy instead of temperature. This approach enables us to accurately include the latent heat effect of phase transitions for mantle temperatures different from the average geotherm, and therefore fully incorporate the thermodynamic effects of realistic phase transitions in global‐scale mantle convection modeling. We set up 2‐D models with the geodynamics software Aspect, using thermodynamic properties computed by HeFESTo, while applying a viscosity profile constrained by the geoid and mineral physics data and a visco‐plastic rheology to reproduce plate‐like behavior and Earth‐like subduction morphologies. Our model results reveal the layering of plumes induced by the wadsleyite to garnet (majorite) + ferropericlase endothermic transition (between 450 and 590 km depth and over the 2000–2500 K temperature range). They show that this phase transition causes a large‐scale and long‐lasting temperature elevation in a depth range of 500–650 km depth if the potential temperature of the mantle is higher than 1800 K, indicating that mantle convection may have been partially layered in Earth's early history.
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spelling doaj-art-d38449c5bb184371a0a98198801b9ffa2025-08-20T03:03:28ZengWileyGeochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems1525-20272025-02-01262n/an/a10.1029/2024GC011600How Phase Transitions Impact Changes in Mantle Convection Style Throughout Earth's History: From Stalled Plumes to Surface DynamicsRanpeng Li0Juliane Dannberg1Rene Gassmöller2Carolina Lithgow‐Bertelloni3Lars Stixrude4GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Kiel GermanyGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Kiel GermanyGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Kiel GermanyEarth, Planetary, and Space Sciences University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USAEarth, Planetary, and Space Sciences University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USAAbstract Mineral phase transitions can either hinder or accelerate mantle flow. In the present day, the formation of the bridgmanite + ferropericlase assemblage from ringwoodite at 660 km depth has been found to cause weak and intermittent layering of mantle convection. However, for the higher temperatures in Earth's past, different phase transitions could have controlled mantle dynamics. We investigate the potential changes in convection style during Earth's secular cooling using a new numerical technique that reformulates the energy conservation equation in terms of specific entropy instead of temperature. This approach enables us to accurately include the latent heat effect of phase transitions for mantle temperatures different from the average geotherm, and therefore fully incorporate the thermodynamic effects of realistic phase transitions in global‐scale mantle convection modeling. We set up 2‐D models with the geodynamics software Aspect, using thermodynamic properties computed by HeFESTo, while applying a viscosity profile constrained by the geoid and mineral physics data and a visco‐plastic rheology to reproduce plate‐like behavior and Earth‐like subduction morphologies. Our model results reveal the layering of plumes induced by the wadsleyite to garnet (majorite) + ferropericlase endothermic transition (between 450 and 590 km depth and over the 2000–2500 K temperature range). They show that this phase transition causes a large‐scale and long‐lasting temperature elevation in a depth range of 500–650 km depth if the potential temperature of the mantle is higher than 1800 K, indicating that mantle convection may have been partially layered in Earth's early history.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GC011600mantle convectionphase transitionsgeodynamic modelingmantle plumesthermal evolutionplate‐mantle interaction
spellingShingle Ranpeng Li
Juliane Dannberg
Rene Gassmöller
Carolina Lithgow‐Bertelloni
Lars Stixrude
How Phase Transitions Impact Changes in Mantle Convection Style Throughout Earth's History: From Stalled Plumes to Surface Dynamics
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
mantle convection
phase transitions
geodynamic modeling
mantle plumes
thermal evolution
plate‐mantle interaction
title How Phase Transitions Impact Changes in Mantle Convection Style Throughout Earth's History: From Stalled Plumes to Surface Dynamics
title_full How Phase Transitions Impact Changes in Mantle Convection Style Throughout Earth's History: From Stalled Plumes to Surface Dynamics
title_fullStr How Phase Transitions Impact Changes in Mantle Convection Style Throughout Earth's History: From Stalled Plumes to Surface Dynamics
title_full_unstemmed How Phase Transitions Impact Changes in Mantle Convection Style Throughout Earth's History: From Stalled Plumes to Surface Dynamics
title_short How Phase Transitions Impact Changes in Mantle Convection Style Throughout Earth's History: From Stalled Plumes to Surface Dynamics
title_sort how phase transitions impact changes in mantle convection style throughout earth s history from stalled plumes to surface dynamics
topic mantle convection
phase transitions
geodynamic modeling
mantle plumes
thermal evolution
plate‐mantle interaction
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GC011600
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