Venous Thromboembolism Prevention in Nephrotic Syndrome: The Role of Aspirin, Vitamin K Antagonists, and Direct Oral Anticoagulants

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is associated with a significantly elevated risk of venous thromboembolic events (VTEs), which contribute to morbidity and mortality. Current guidelines for VTE prophylaxis in patients with NS are based on limited evidence, primarily from observational studies. This review de...

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Main Authors: Zohreh Gholizadeh Ghozloujeh, Richard J. Glassock, Ayman Al Jurdi, Kenar D. Jhaveri, Giv Heidari-Bateni, Divya Bajpai, Edgar Lerma, Junnan Wu, Amir Abdipour, Sayna Norouzi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Kidney International Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468024925000993
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author Zohreh Gholizadeh Ghozloujeh
Richard J. Glassock
Ayman Al Jurdi
Kenar D. Jhaveri
Giv Heidari-Bateni
Divya Bajpai
Edgar Lerma
Junnan Wu
Amir Abdipour
Sayna Norouzi
author_facet Zohreh Gholizadeh Ghozloujeh
Richard J. Glassock
Ayman Al Jurdi
Kenar D. Jhaveri
Giv Heidari-Bateni
Divya Bajpai
Edgar Lerma
Junnan Wu
Amir Abdipour
Sayna Norouzi
author_sort Zohreh Gholizadeh Ghozloujeh
collection DOAJ
description Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is associated with a significantly elevated risk of venous thromboembolic events (VTEs), which contribute to morbidity and mortality. Current guidelines for VTE prophylaxis in patients with NS are based on limited evidence, primarily from observational studies. This review describes the complexities of hypercoagulability in NS, with a focus on aspirin as a potential prophylactic agent. We outline the pathophysiology underlying VTE in NS, highlighting factors such as hypoalbuminemia, anticoagulant loss, and heightened platelet reactivity. This review also summarizes the available data on the role of aspirin in reducing thromboembolic risk. Although aspirin may benefit select patient groups, its efficacy remains inconclusive, with some studies suggesting a combination of aspirin and anticoagulants for more effective risk reduction. Future studies, particularly large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs), are necessary to clarify the role of aspirin in preventing VTEs in this population. Our review underscores the need for individualized prophylactic strategies that balance thrombotic and bleeding risks in patients with NS.
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series Kidney International Reports
spelling doaj-art-d3761911275e4b2fa04b26b8af9a17832025-08-20T02:33:35ZengElsevierKidney International Reports2468-02492025-05-011051335134510.1016/j.ekir.2025.02.010Venous Thromboembolism Prevention in Nephrotic Syndrome: The Role of Aspirin, Vitamin K Antagonists, and Direct Oral AnticoagulantsZohreh Gholizadeh Ghozloujeh0Richard J. Glassock1Ayman Al Jurdi2Kenar D. Jhaveri3Giv Heidari-Bateni4Divya Bajpai5Edgar Lerma6Junnan Wu7Amir Abdipour8Sayna Norouzi9Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USAGeffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Laguna Niguel, California, USADivision of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USADepartment of Medicine, Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York, USADivision of Cardiology, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, California, USADivision of Nephrology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaDepartment of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Advocate Christ Medical Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Oak Lawn, Illinois, USADepartment of Nephrology, Zhejiang University Medical College Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, ChinaDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USADivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA; Correspondence: Sayna Norouzi, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 11370 Anderson St, Loma Linda, California, USA.Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is associated with a significantly elevated risk of venous thromboembolic events (VTEs), which contribute to morbidity and mortality. Current guidelines for VTE prophylaxis in patients with NS are based on limited evidence, primarily from observational studies. This review describes the complexities of hypercoagulability in NS, with a focus on aspirin as a potential prophylactic agent. We outline the pathophysiology underlying VTE in NS, highlighting factors such as hypoalbuminemia, anticoagulant loss, and heightened platelet reactivity. This review also summarizes the available data on the role of aspirin in reducing thromboembolic risk. Although aspirin may benefit select patient groups, its efficacy remains inconclusive, with some studies suggesting a combination of aspirin and anticoagulants for more effective risk reduction. Future studies, particularly large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs), are necessary to clarify the role of aspirin in preventing VTEs in this population. Our review underscores the need for individualized prophylactic strategies that balance thrombotic and bleeding risks in patients with NS.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468024925000993anticoagulationaspirinhypercoagulabilitynephrotic syndromevenous thromboembolic events
spellingShingle Zohreh Gholizadeh Ghozloujeh
Richard J. Glassock
Ayman Al Jurdi
Kenar D. Jhaveri
Giv Heidari-Bateni
Divya Bajpai
Edgar Lerma
Junnan Wu
Amir Abdipour
Sayna Norouzi
Venous Thromboembolism Prevention in Nephrotic Syndrome: The Role of Aspirin, Vitamin K Antagonists, and Direct Oral Anticoagulants
Kidney International Reports
anticoagulation
aspirin
hypercoagulability
nephrotic syndrome
venous thromboembolic events
title Venous Thromboembolism Prevention in Nephrotic Syndrome: The Role of Aspirin, Vitamin K Antagonists, and Direct Oral Anticoagulants
title_full Venous Thromboembolism Prevention in Nephrotic Syndrome: The Role of Aspirin, Vitamin K Antagonists, and Direct Oral Anticoagulants
title_fullStr Venous Thromboembolism Prevention in Nephrotic Syndrome: The Role of Aspirin, Vitamin K Antagonists, and Direct Oral Anticoagulants
title_full_unstemmed Venous Thromboembolism Prevention in Nephrotic Syndrome: The Role of Aspirin, Vitamin K Antagonists, and Direct Oral Anticoagulants
title_short Venous Thromboembolism Prevention in Nephrotic Syndrome: The Role of Aspirin, Vitamin K Antagonists, and Direct Oral Anticoagulants
title_sort venous thromboembolism prevention in nephrotic syndrome the role of aspirin vitamin k antagonists and direct oral anticoagulants
topic anticoagulation
aspirin
hypercoagulability
nephrotic syndrome
venous thromboembolic events
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468024925000993
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