Analysis of the temporal and spatial evolution of China's air passenger transportation and the impact of policies on passenger flows.

The spatial-temporal evolution of air passenger flows in China's aviation sector is critical for optimizing route networks and capacity allocation, particularly in assessing the efficacy of policy interventions to inform future regulatory frameworks. This study leverages air passenger throughpu...

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Main Authors: Chen Luo, Tianshun Ma, Min Wang, Xinrong Hu, Chunyang Liu, Xutong Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0323482
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author Chen Luo
Tianshun Ma
Min Wang
Xinrong Hu
Chunyang Liu
Xutong Wang
author_facet Chen Luo
Tianshun Ma
Min Wang
Xinrong Hu
Chunyang Liu
Xutong Wang
author_sort Chen Luo
collection DOAJ
description The spatial-temporal evolution of air passenger flows in China's aviation sector is critical for optimizing route networks and capacity allocation, particularly in assessing the efficacy of policy interventions to inform future regulatory frameworks. This study leverages air passenger throughput data spanning prefecture-level cities (2005-2023) and employs the Standard Deviation Ellipse (SDE) method to identify spatial agglomeration patterns in 2008, 2017, 2020, and 2022. A Difference-in-Differences (DID) model is further applied to quantify the causal effects of policy interventions on air transportation dynamics, supplemented by robustness tests and heterogeneity analyses to validate the reliability of the findings. Three key conclusions emerge from the analysis. First, while the spatial distribution of air passenger traffic predominantly aligns with a northeast-southwest axis, the strengthened north-south directional influence (reflected in the increased major-to-minor axis ratio of the SDE) indicates a bidirectional expansion of air transport coverage. Second, the spatial centroid of passenger flows exhibited a directional shift from northwestern to southwestern China between 2005 and 2023, highlighting the rising strategic importance of the southwestern region. Notably, by 2023, a reversed spatial transition emerged, with the centroid gradually reverting toward the northeast, signaling a recalibration of passenger flow patterns. Third, policy impacts display marked regional and urban heterogeneity: eastern China experienced significantly higher passenger growth compared to central, western, and northeastern regions, while provincial capitals and megacities-owing to their resource concentration and policy implementation capacity-demonstrated stronger responsiveness to regulatory measures than smaller prefecture-level cities. These findings provide actionable insights for both industry and policymakers. Airlines may utilize the empirical evidence to refine route planning and capacity adjustments, whereas policymakers could prioritize spatially differentiated regulations to mitigate regional imbalances and foster integrated national aviation development.
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spelling doaj-art-d369195880e64e958d9178a93f11cae92025-08-20T02:34:13ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01205e032348210.1371/journal.pone.0323482Analysis of the temporal and spatial evolution of China's air passenger transportation and the impact of policies on passenger flows.Chen LuoTianshun MaMin WangXinrong HuChunyang LiuXutong WangThe spatial-temporal evolution of air passenger flows in China's aviation sector is critical for optimizing route networks and capacity allocation, particularly in assessing the efficacy of policy interventions to inform future regulatory frameworks. This study leverages air passenger throughput data spanning prefecture-level cities (2005-2023) and employs the Standard Deviation Ellipse (SDE) method to identify spatial agglomeration patterns in 2008, 2017, 2020, and 2022. A Difference-in-Differences (DID) model is further applied to quantify the causal effects of policy interventions on air transportation dynamics, supplemented by robustness tests and heterogeneity analyses to validate the reliability of the findings. Three key conclusions emerge from the analysis. First, while the spatial distribution of air passenger traffic predominantly aligns with a northeast-southwest axis, the strengthened north-south directional influence (reflected in the increased major-to-minor axis ratio of the SDE) indicates a bidirectional expansion of air transport coverage. Second, the spatial centroid of passenger flows exhibited a directional shift from northwestern to southwestern China between 2005 and 2023, highlighting the rising strategic importance of the southwestern region. Notably, by 2023, a reversed spatial transition emerged, with the centroid gradually reverting toward the northeast, signaling a recalibration of passenger flow patterns. Third, policy impacts display marked regional and urban heterogeneity: eastern China experienced significantly higher passenger growth compared to central, western, and northeastern regions, while provincial capitals and megacities-owing to their resource concentration and policy implementation capacity-demonstrated stronger responsiveness to regulatory measures than smaller prefecture-level cities. These findings provide actionable insights for both industry and policymakers. Airlines may utilize the empirical evidence to refine route planning and capacity adjustments, whereas policymakers could prioritize spatially differentiated regulations to mitigate regional imbalances and foster integrated national aviation development.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0323482
spellingShingle Chen Luo
Tianshun Ma
Min Wang
Xinrong Hu
Chunyang Liu
Xutong Wang
Analysis of the temporal and spatial evolution of China's air passenger transportation and the impact of policies on passenger flows.
PLoS ONE
title Analysis of the temporal and spatial evolution of China's air passenger transportation and the impact of policies on passenger flows.
title_full Analysis of the temporal and spatial evolution of China's air passenger transportation and the impact of policies on passenger flows.
title_fullStr Analysis of the temporal and spatial evolution of China's air passenger transportation and the impact of policies on passenger flows.
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of the temporal and spatial evolution of China's air passenger transportation and the impact of policies on passenger flows.
title_short Analysis of the temporal and spatial evolution of China's air passenger transportation and the impact of policies on passenger flows.
title_sort analysis of the temporal and spatial evolution of china s air passenger transportation and the impact of policies on passenger flows
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0323482
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