Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis With Serial Negative MRI Findings: An Evaluation Using Autoimmune Psychosis Criteria

Autoimmune psychosis criteria have been proposed for autoimmune encephalitis with prominent psychiatric symptoms as an alternative to biomarker-based diagnostic approaches such as the Graus criteria. We present a case of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis that was initially misd...

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Main Authors: Satoshi Saito, Go Taniguchi, Chihiro Nakata, Hideo Kato, Mao Otake, Masahiro Umeda, Yuichiro Fuji, Eiji Nakagawa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-01-01
Series:Case Reports in Neurological Medicine
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/crnm/4561447
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author Satoshi Saito
Go Taniguchi
Chihiro Nakata
Hideo Kato
Mao Otake
Masahiro Umeda
Yuichiro Fuji
Eiji Nakagawa
author_facet Satoshi Saito
Go Taniguchi
Chihiro Nakata
Hideo Kato
Mao Otake
Masahiro Umeda
Yuichiro Fuji
Eiji Nakagawa
author_sort Satoshi Saito
collection DOAJ
description Autoimmune psychosis criteria have been proposed for autoimmune encephalitis with prominent psychiatric symptoms as an alternative to biomarker-based diagnostic approaches such as the Graus criteria. We present a case of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis that was initially misdiagnosed as a psychiatric disorder due to serial negative MRI findings and subsequently re-evaluated correctly using autoimmune psychosis criteria. A 15-year-old male developed sudden-onset generalized convulsive seizures that increased progressively in frequency and fluctuating psychiatric symptoms that gradually worsened to include reduced reactivity, language deterioration, and catatonia. On admission, both brain MRI and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) findings were unremarkable; however, autoimmune encephalitis was strongly suspected based on autoimmune psychosis criteria and subsequently confirmed by detection of oligoclonal bands (OCBs) and anti-NMDAR antibodies in the serum and CSF. Repeated steroid pulse therapy resulted in significant clinical improvement. The patient met multiple autoimmune psychosis criteria, including subacute onset of psychiatric symptoms, catatonia, disproportionate cognitive dysfunction, decreased level of consciousness, and the emergence of seizures. These features are not typically present in primary psychiatric disorders. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis can present with a variety of symptoms, complicating its differentiation from primary psychiatric conditions. The application of autoimmune psychosis criteria may serve as a valuable diagnostic aid, particularly when MRI findings are repeatedly negative.
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spelling doaj-art-d35f77fcddd148a69c474bfa63701d9a2025-08-20T03:11:17ZengWileyCase Reports in Neurological Medicine2090-66762025-01-01202510.1155/crnm/4561447Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis With Serial Negative MRI Findings: An Evaluation Using Autoimmune Psychosis CriteriaSatoshi Saito0Go Taniguchi1Chihiro Nakata2Hideo Kato3Mao Otake4Masahiro Umeda5Yuichiro Fuji6Eiji Nakagawa7Department of EpileptologyDepartment of EpileptologyDepartment of EpileptologyDepartment of EpileptologyDepartment of EpileptologyDepartment of EpileptologyDepartment of EpileptologyDepartment of EpileptologyAutoimmune psychosis criteria have been proposed for autoimmune encephalitis with prominent psychiatric symptoms as an alternative to biomarker-based diagnostic approaches such as the Graus criteria. We present a case of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis that was initially misdiagnosed as a psychiatric disorder due to serial negative MRI findings and subsequently re-evaluated correctly using autoimmune psychosis criteria. A 15-year-old male developed sudden-onset generalized convulsive seizures that increased progressively in frequency and fluctuating psychiatric symptoms that gradually worsened to include reduced reactivity, language deterioration, and catatonia. On admission, both brain MRI and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) findings were unremarkable; however, autoimmune encephalitis was strongly suspected based on autoimmune psychosis criteria and subsequently confirmed by detection of oligoclonal bands (OCBs) and anti-NMDAR antibodies in the serum and CSF. Repeated steroid pulse therapy resulted in significant clinical improvement. The patient met multiple autoimmune psychosis criteria, including subacute onset of psychiatric symptoms, catatonia, disproportionate cognitive dysfunction, decreased level of consciousness, and the emergence of seizures. These features are not typically present in primary psychiatric disorders. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis can present with a variety of symptoms, complicating its differentiation from primary psychiatric conditions. The application of autoimmune psychosis criteria may serve as a valuable diagnostic aid, particularly when MRI findings are repeatedly negative.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/crnm/4561447
spellingShingle Satoshi Saito
Go Taniguchi
Chihiro Nakata
Hideo Kato
Mao Otake
Masahiro Umeda
Yuichiro Fuji
Eiji Nakagawa
Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis With Serial Negative MRI Findings: An Evaluation Using Autoimmune Psychosis Criteria
Case Reports in Neurological Medicine
title Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis With Serial Negative MRI Findings: An Evaluation Using Autoimmune Psychosis Criteria
title_full Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis With Serial Negative MRI Findings: An Evaluation Using Autoimmune Psychosis Criteria
title_fullStr Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis With Serial Negative MRI Findings: An Evaluation Using Autoimmune Psychosis Criteria
title_full_unstemmed Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis With Serial Negative MRI Findings: An Evaluation Using Autoimmune Psychosis Criteria
title_short Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis With Serial Negative MRI Findings: An Evaluation Using Autoimmune Psychosis Criteria
title_sort anti nmdar encephalitis with serial negative mri findings an evaluation using autoimmune psychosis criteria
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/crnm/4561447
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