The impact of maternal systemic diseases on the occurrence of cleft lip and palate in newborns: a narrative review

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a prevalent congenital anomaly of the maxillofacial region, characterized by abnormal openings in the lip or palate. This condition, affecting approximately 1 in 700 newborns globally, can manifest as cleft lip only, cleft palate only, or both. The etiology of CLP remai...

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Main Authors: Hao Sui, Meijun Du, Jiali Chen, Renjie Yang, Bing Shi, Hanyao Huang, Yan Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Public Health
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1568140/full
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author Hao Sui
Meijun Du
Jiali Chen
Renjie Yang
Bing Shi
Hanyao Huang
Yan Wang
author_facet Hao Sui
Meijun Du
Jiali Chen
Renjie Yang
Bing Shi
Hanyao Huang
Yan Wang
author_sort Hao Sui
collection DOAJ
description Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a prevalent congenital anomaly of the maxillofacial region, characterized by abnormal openings in the lip or palate. This condition, affecting approximately 1 in 700 newborns globally, can manifest as cleft lip only, cleft palate only, or both. The etiology of CLP remains multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental influences, with maternal systemic diseases during pregnancy emerging as significant risk factors. Conditions such as circulatory disorders, endocrine and metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, and autoimmune diseases have been associated with increased CLP incidence. These maternal health issues can disrupt normal embryonic development, leading to cleft formation and affecting the child’s overall wellbeing, including feeding, speech, dental health, and psychological state. This review explores the relationship between maternal systemic diseases, including circulatory, endocrine and metabolic, infectious, and autoimmune disorders, and the occurrence of CLP in newborns. Understanding these connections is crucial for improving maternal health during pregnancy and reducing the risk of CLP, highlighting the importance of early monitoring and intervention.
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language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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series Frontiers in Public Health
spelling doaj-art-d35b467e581d43b7a05a9ececefd252e2025-08-20T02:47:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652025-08-011310.3389/fpubh.2025.15681401568140The impact of maternal systemic diseases on the occurrence of cleft lip and palate in newborns: a narrative reviewHao Sui0Meijun Du1Jiali Chen2Renjie Yang3Bing Shi4Hanyao Huang5Yan Wang6State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Eastern Clinic, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaCleft lip and palate (CLP) is a prevalent congenital anomaly of the maxillofacial region, characterized by abnormal openings in the lip or palate. This condition, affecting approximately 1 in 700 newborns globally, can manifest as cleft lip only, cleft palate only, or both. The etiology of CLP remains multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental influences, with maternal systemic diseases during pregnancy emerging as significant risk factors. Conditions such as circulatory disorders, endocrine and metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, and autoimmune diseases have been associated with increased CLP incidence. These maternal health issues can disrupt normal embryonic development, leading to cleft formation and affecting the child’s overall wellbeing, including feeding, speech, dental health, and psychological state. This review explores the relationship between maternal systemic diseases, including circulatory, endocrine and metabolic, infectious, and autoimmune disorders, and the occurrence of CLP in newborns. Understanding these connections is crucial for improving maternal health during pregnancy and reducing the risk of CLP, highlighting the importance of early monitoring and intervention.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1568140/fullCLPmaternalpregnancysystemic diseasesrisk factors
spellingShingle Hao Sui
Meijun Du
Jiali Chen
Renjie Yang
Bing Shi
Hanyao Huang
Yan Wang
The impact of maternal systemic diseases on the occurrence of cleft lip and palate in newborns: a narrative review
Frontiers in Public Health
CLP
maternal
pregnancy
systemic diseases
risk factors
title The impact of maternal systemic diseases on the occurrence of cleft lip and palate in newborns: a narrative review
title_full The impact of maternal systemic diseases on the occurrence of cleft lip and palate in newborns: a narrative review
title_fullStr The impact of maternal systemic diseases on the occurrence of cleft lip and palate in newborns: a narrative review
title_full_unstemmed The impact of maternal systemic diseases on the occurrence of cleft lip and palate in newborns: a narrative review
title_short The impact of maternal systemic diseases on the occurrence of cleft lip and palate in newborns: a narrative review
title_sort impact of maternal systemic diseases on the occurrence of cleft lip and palate in newborns a narrative review
topic CLP
maternal
pregnancy
systemic diseases
risk factors
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1568140/full
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