Associations of epigenetic aging with self-rated health, access to care, and healthcare utilization in a representative sample of United States adults

Abstract Background Health status is closely linked to both healthcare access and utilization. While previous research has identified associations between health status and DNA methylation-based biomarkers of aging (epigenetic aging), studies exploring these relationships in the context of healthcar...

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Main Authors: Jamaji C. Nwanaji-Enwerem, Dennis Khodasevich, Nicole Gladish, Hanyang Shen, Anne K. Bozack, Saher Daredia, Belinda L. Needham, David H. Rehkopf, Andres Cardenas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Clinical Epigenetics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13148-025-01887-z
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author Jamaji C. Nwanaji-Enwerem
Dennis Khodasevich
Nicole Gladish
Hanyang Shen
Anne K. Bozack
Saher Daredia
Belinda L. Needham
David H. Rehkopf
Andres Cardenas
author_facet Jamaji C. Nwanaji-Enwerem
Dennis Khodasevich
Nicole Gladish
Hanyang Shen
Anne K. Bozack
Saher Daredia
Belinda L. Needham
David H. Rehkopf
Andres Cardenas
author_sort Jamaji C. Nwanaji-Enwerem
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Health status is closely linked to both healthcare access and utilization. While previous research has identified associations between health status and DNA methylation-based biomarkers of aging (epigenetic aging), studies exploring these relationships in the context of healthcare access and utilization remain limited. To address this gap, we analyzed cross-sectional associations in a representative sample of 2,343 U.S. adults from the 1999–2000 and 2001–2002 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Our study examined the relationships of self-rated health status, healthcare access, and healthcare utilization with seven epigenetic aging biomarkers: HannumAge, HorvathAge, SkinBloodAge, PhenoAge, GrimAge2, DNAm Telomere Length (DNAmTL), and DunedinPoAm. Results After adjusting for chronological age, demographics, lifestyle factors, and health insurance, participants with good–excellent self-rated health had a 1.58-year lower PhenoAge (95% CI − 2.54, − 0.62 P = 0.006) and a 1.16-year lower GrimAge2 (95% CI − 1.80, − 0.53, P = 0.004) than participants with poor-fair health. Participants who reported having a routine place where they received healthcare had a lower GrimAge2 (β = − 1.44-years, 95% CI − 2.66, − 0.22, P = 0.03) than participants without a routine healthcare location. Participants with ≥ 10 healthcare visits in the prior year had a shorter DNAmTL (β = − 0.05-kb, 95% CI − 0.09, − 0.01, P = 0.02) than participants with < 10 visits. After including additional adjustments for estimated leukocyte proportions, participants who were hospitalized overnight in the prior year had a shorter DNAmTL (β = − 0.05-kb, 95% CI − 0.08, − 0.01, P = 0.02) than non-hospitalized individuals. Conclusions Our findings reinforce previous reports linking better health status to lower epigenetic aging and provide new evidence of associations of epigenetic aging with measures of healthcare access and utilization. If validated, these findings suggest that epigenetic aging biomarkers may be useful in studying disease processes and assessing health outcomes related to access and utilization.
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spelling doaj-art-d3568c895b90411a8a96c20af71edc2c2025-08-20T03:53:58ZengBMCClinical Epigenetics1868-70832025-05-0117111110.1186/s13148-025-01887-zAssociations of epigenetic aging with self-rated health, access to care, and healthcare utilization in a representative sample of United States adultsJamaji C. Nwanaji-Enwerem0Dennis Khodasevich1Nicole Gladish2Hanyang Shen3Anne K. Bozack4Saher Daredia5Belinda L. Needham6David H. Rehkopf7Andres Cardenas8Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Health Justice, and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, HUPDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford UniversityDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford UniversityDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford UniversityDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford UniversityDivision of Epidemiology, UC Berkeley School of Public HealthDepartment of Epidemiology, Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of MichiganDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford UniversityDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford UniversityAbstract Background Health status is closely linked to both healthcare access and utilization. While previous research has identified associations between health status and DNA methylation-based biomarkers of aging (epigenetic aging), studies exploring these relationships in the context of healthcare access and utilization remain limited. To address this gap, we analyzed cross-sectional associations in a representative sample of 2,343 U.S. adults from the 1999–2000 and 2001–2002 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Our study examined the relationships of self-rated health status, healthcare access, and healthcare utilization with seven epigenetic aging biomarkers: HannumAge, HorvathAge, SkinBloodAge, PhenoAge, GrimAge2, DNAm Telomere Length (DNAmTL), and DunedinPoAm. Results After adjusting for chronological age, demographics, lifestyle factors, and health insurance, participants with good–excellent self-rated health had a 1.58-year lower PhenoAge (95% CI − 2.54, − 0.62 P = 0.006) and a 1.16-year lower GrimAge2 (95% CI − 1.80, − 0.53, P = 0.004) than participants with poor-fair health. Participants who reported having a routine place where they received healthcare had a lower GrimAge2 (β = − 1.44-years, 95% CI − 2.66, − 0.22, P = 0.03) than participants without a routine healthcare location. Participants with ≥ 10 healthcare visits in the prior year had a shorter DNAmTL (β = − 0.05-kb, 95% CI − 0.09, − 0.01, P = 0.02) than participants with < 10 visits. After including additional adjustments for estimated leukocyte proportions, participants who were hospitalized overnight in the prior year had a shorter DNAmTL (β = − 0.05-kb, 95% CI − 0.08, − 0.01, P = 0.02) than non-hospitalized individuals. Conclusions Our findings reinforce previous reports linking better health status to lower epigenetic aging and provide new evidence of associations of epigenetic aging with measures of healthcare access and utilization. If validated, these findings suggest that epigenetic aging biomarkers may be useful in studying disease processes and assessing health outcomes related to access and utilization.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13148-025-01887-zDNA methylation ageNHANESB2MCRPLeptinPackyears
spellingShingle Jamaji C. Nwanaji-Enwerem
Dennis Khodasevich
Nicole Gladish
Hanyang Shen
Anne K. Bozack
Saher Daredia
Belinda L. Needham
David H. Rehkopf
Andres Cardenas
Associations of epigenetic aging with self-rated health, access to care, and healthcare utilization in a representative sample of United States adults
Clinical Epigenetics
DNA methylation age
NHANES
B2M
CRP
Leptin
Packyears
title Associations of epigenetic aging with self-rated health, access to care, and healthcare utilization in a representative sample of United States adults
title_full Associations of epigenetic aging with self-rated health, access to care, and healthcare utilization in a representative sample of United States adults
title_fullStr Associations of epigenetic aging with self-rated health, access to care, and healthcare utilization in a representative sample of United States adults
title_full_unstemmed Associations of epigenetic aging with self-rated health, access to care, and healthcare utilization in a representative sample of United States adults
title_short Associations of epigenetic aging with self-rated health, access to care, and healthcare utilization in a representative sample of United States adults
title_sort associations of epigenetic aging with self rated health access to care and healthcare utilization in a representative sample of united states adults
topic DNA methylation age
NHANES
B2M
CRP
Leptin
Packyears
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13148-025-01887-z
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