Study of Concentration of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Receptor Proteins in Different Age-groups and Genders with Reference to Susceptibility toward Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Aim and background: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) was the main host cell receptor through which Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ensured its entry into human cells. The efficacy of the viral entry by digesting the S1 subunit of its surface glycoprotein, spike pro...

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Main Authors: Shareef M Buvvaji, Vinod Joshi, Bennet Angel, Annette Angel, Poorna Khaneja, Monika Dheer, Bhawna Sharma, Neha Singh, Shilpa Barthwal, Ramesh Joshi, Ambreen S Khan, Nuzhat M Peer, Khushbu Kumari, Reshu Chauhan, Aarya Chitransh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publisher 2025-05-01
Series:Indian Journal of Respiratory Care
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Online Access:https://www.ijrc.in/doi/IJRC/pdf/10.5005/jp-journals-11010-1159
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author Shareef M Buvvaji
Vinod Joshi
Bennet Angel
Annette Angel
Poorna Khaneja
Monika Dheer
Bhawna Sharma
Neha Singh
Shilpa Barthwal
Ramesh Joshi
Ambreen S Khan
Nuzhat M Peer
Khushbu Kumari
Reshu Chauhan
Aarya Chitransh
author_facet Shareef M Buvvaji
Vinod Joshi
Bennet Angel
Annette Angel
Poorna Khaneja
Monika Dheer
Bhawna Sharma
Neha Singh
Shilpa Barthwal
Ramesh Joshi
Ambreen S Khan
Nuzhat M Peer
Khushbu Kumari
Reshu Chauhan
Aarya Chitransh
author_sort Shareef M Buvvaji
collection DOAJ
description Aim and background: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) was the main host cell receptor through which Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ensured its entry into human cells. The efficacy of the viral entry by digesting the S1 subunit of its surface glycoprotein, spike protein, formed the molecular basis of cellular infection and subsequent clinical severities by SARS-CoV-2. Epidemiological- and hospital-based studies on COVID-19 showed that the disease affected older age-group more severely, and there appeared a significant association of mortality of the patients with comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiac problems, and hypertension. The present study aimed to find whether age-specific disease severity was due to different concentrations of ACE2 in the patients. Materials and methods: Nasopharyngeal swab samples of different age-groups and gender from infected COVID-19 patients and healthy individuals were subjected to Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for quantitative estimation of ACE2 in the upper respiratory tract. Results: A total of 86 swab samples tested for ACE2 showed ACE2 levels between 0.18 and 0.19 ng/mL. There was no difference in the concentration of ACE2 in patients and healthy individuals among men and women of different age-groups. Conclusion: The study highlighted that there was equal expression of ACE2 in all age-groups and genders, and that ACE2 did not emerge as the determinant of susceptibility of a person toward SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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spelling doaj-art-d356528b1abc4f05b00b26b8d148b86b2025-08-20T03:03:11ZengJaypee Brothers Medical PublisherIndian Journal of Respiratory Care2277-90192321-48992025-05-01141727410.5005/jp-journals-11010-115915Study of Concentration of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Receptor Proteins in Different Age-groups and Genders with Reference to Susceptibility toward Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2Shareef M Buvvaji0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1503-1881Vinod Joshi1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6599-5481Bennet Angel2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9149-6974Annette Angel3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4253-103XPoorna Khaneja4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4991-4853Monika Dheer5https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9733-9559Bhawna Sharma6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4427-7047Neha Singh7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1770-080XShilpa Barthwal8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3711-4584Ramesh Joshi9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5775-5282Ambreen S Khan10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3538-0942Nuzhat M Peer11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-2110Khushbu Kumari12https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0191-1470Reshu Chauhan13https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4190-2655Aarya Chitransh14https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6367-0532Department of Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Virology and Immunology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaVinod Joshi, Department of Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Virology and Immunology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India, Phone: +91 9660767977Department of Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Virology and Immunology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Virology and Immunology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Virology and Immunology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Virology and Immunology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Virology and Immunology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Virology and Immunology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Virology and Immunology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences & Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Virology and Immunology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Virology and Immunology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Virology and Immunology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Virology and Immunology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Virology and Immunology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaAim and background: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) was the main host cell receptor through which Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ensured its entry into human cells. The efficacy of the viral entry by digesting the S1 subunit of its surface glycoprotein, spike protein, formed the molecular basis of cellular infection and subsequent clinical severities by SARS-CoV-2. Epidemiological- and hospital-based studies on COVID-19 showed that the disease affected older age-group more severely, and there appeared a significant association of mortality of the patients with comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiac problems, and hypertension. The present study aimed to find whether age-specific disease severity was due to different concentrations of ACE2 in the patients. Materials and methods: Nasopharyngeal swab samples of different age-groups and gender from infected COVID-19 patients and healthy individuals were subjected to Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for quantitative estimation of ACE2 in the upper respiratory tract. Results: A total of 86 swab samples tested for ACE2 showed ACE2 levels between 0.18 and 0.19 ng/mL. There was no difference in the concentration of ACE2 in patients and healthy individuals among men and women of different age-groups. Conclusion: The study highlighted that there was equal expression of ACE2 in all age-groups and genders, and that ACE2 did not emerge as the determinant of susceptibility of a person toward SARS-CoV-2 infection.https://www.ijrc.in/doi/IJRC/pdf/10.5005/jp-journals-11010-1159ace2lung epithelialraas pathwaysars-cov-2
spellingShingle Shareef M Buvvaji
Vinod Joshi
Bennet Angel
Annette Angel
Poorna Khaneja
Monika Dheer
Bhawna Sharma
Neha Singh
Shilpa Barthwal
Ramesh Joshi
Ambreen S Khan
Nuzhat M Peer
Khushbu Kumari
Reshu Chauhan
Aarya Chitransh
Study of Concentration of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Receptor Proteins in Different Age-groups and Genders with Reference to Susceptibility toward Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
Indian Journal of Respiratory Care
ace2
lung epithelial
raas pathway
sars-cov-2
title Study of Concentration of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Receptor Proteins in Different Age-groups and Genders with Reference to Susceptibility toward Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
title_full Study of Concentration of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Receptor Proteins in Different Age-groups and Genders with Reference to Susceptibility toward Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
title_fullStr Study of Concentration of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Receptor Proteins in Different Age-groups and Genders with Reference to Susceptibility toward Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
title_full_unstemmed Study of Concentration of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Receptor Proteins in Different Age-groups and Genders with Reference to Susceptibility toward Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
title_short Study of Concentration of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Receptor Proteins in Different Age-groups and Genders with Reference to Susceptibility toward Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
title_sort study of concentration of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor proteins in different age groups and genders with reference to susceptibility toward severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
topic ace2
lung epithelial
raas pathway
sars-cov-2
url https://www.ijrc.in/doi/IJRC/pdf/10.5005/jp-journals-11010-1159
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