Study of Concentration of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Receptor Proteins in Different Age-groups and Genders with Reference to Susceptibility toward Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Aim and background: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) was the main host cell receptor through which Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ensured its entry into human cells. The efficacy of the viral entry by digesting the S1 subunit of its surface glycoprotein, spike pro...

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Main Authors: Shareef M Buvvaji, Vinod Joshi, Bennet Angel, Annette Angel, Poorna Khaneja, Monika Dheer, Bhawna Sharma, Neha Singh, Shilpa Barthwal, Ramesh Joshi, Ambreen S Khan, Nuzhat M Peer, Khushbu Kumari, Reshu Chauhan, Aarya Chitransh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publisher 2025-05-01
Series:Indian Journal of Respiratory Care
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Online Access:https://www.ijrc.in/doi/IJRC/pdf/10.5005/jp-journals-11010-1159
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Summary:Aim and background: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) was the main host cell receptor through which Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ensured its entry into human cells. The efficacy of the viral entry by digesting the S1 subunit of its surface glycoprotein, spike protein, formed the molecular basis of cellular infection and subsequent clinical severities by SARS-CoV-2. Epidemiological- and hospital-based studies on COVID-19 showed that the disease affected older age-group more severely, and there appeared a significant association of mortality of the patients with comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiac problems, and hypertension. The present study aimed to find whether age-specific disease severity was due to different concentrations of ACE2 in the patients. Materials and methods: Nasopharyngeal swab samples of different age-groups and gender from infected COVID-19 patients and healthy individuals were subjected to Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for quantitative estimation of ACE2 in the upper respiratory tract. Results: A total of 86 swab samples tested for ACE2 showed ACE2 levels between 0.18 and 0.19 ng/mL. There was no difference in the concentration of ACE2 in patients and healthy individuals among men and women of different age-groups. Conclusion: The study highlighted that there was equal expression of ACE2 in all age-groups and genders, and that ACE2 did not emerge as the determinant of susceptibility of a person toward SARS-CoV-2 infection.
ISSN:2277-9019
2321-4899