Electromagnetic Wavefront Engineering by Switchable and Multifunctional Kirigami Metasurfaces
Developing switchable and multifunctional metasurfaces is essential for high-integration photonics. However, most previous studies encountered challenges such as limited degrees of freedom, simple tuning of predefined functionality, and complicated control systems. Here, we develop a general strateg...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/1/61 |
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| author | Yingying Wang Yang Shi Liangwei Li Zhiyan Zhu Muhan Liu Xiangyu Jin Haodong Li Guobang Jiang Jizhai Cui Shaojie Ma Qiong He Lei Zhou Shulin Sun |
| author_facet | Yingying Wang Yang Shi Liangwei Li Zhiyan Zhu Muhan Liu Xiangyu Jin Haodong Li Guobang Jiang Jizhai Cui Shaojie Ma Qiong He Lei Zhou Shulin Sun |
| author_sort | Yingying Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Developing switchable and multifunctional metasurfaces is essential for high-integration photonics. However, most previous studies encountered challenges such as limited degrees of freedom, simple tuning of predefined functionality, and complicated control systems. Here, we develop a general strategy to construct switchable and multifunctional metasurfaces. Two spin-modulated wave-controls are enabled by the proposed high-efficiency metasurface, which is designed using both resonant and geometric phases. Furthermore, the switchable wavefront tailoring can also be achieved by flexibly altering the lattice constant and reforming the phase retardation of the metasurfaces based on the “rotating square” (RS) kirigami technique. As a proof of concept, a kirigami metasurface is designed that successfully demonstrates dynamic controls of three-channel beam steering. In addition, another kirigami metasurface is built for realizing tri-channel complex wavefront engineering, including straight beam focusing, tilted beam focusing, and anomalous reflection. By altering the polarization of input waves as well as transformation states, the functionality of the metadevice can be switched flexibly among three different channels. Microwave experiments show good agreement with full-wave simulations, clearly demonstrating the performance of the metadevices. This strategy exhibits advantages such as flexible control, low cost, and multiple and switchable functionalities, providing a new pathway for achieving switchable wavefront engineering. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d354866cf17347dd99d0e3c66efca69c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-d354866cf17347dd99d0e3c66efca69c2025-01-10T13:19:24ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-01-011516110.3390/nano15010061Electromagnetic Wavefront Engineering by Switchable and Multifunctional Kirigami MetasurfacesYingying Wang0Yang Shi1Liangwei Li2Zhiyan Zhu3Muhan Liu4Xiangyu Jin5Haodong Li6Guobang Jiang7Jizhai Cui8Shaojie Ma9Qiong He10Lei Zhou11Shulin Sun12Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaShanghai Engineering Research Centre of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaShanghai Engineering Research Centre of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaShanghai Engineering Research Centre of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaShanghai Engineering Research Centre of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaShanghai Engineering Research Centre of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Surface Physics (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaDepartment of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, ChinaDepartment of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, ChinaShanghai Engineering Research Centre of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Surface Physics (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Surface Physics (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaShanghai Engineering Research Centre of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaDeveloping switchable and multifunctional metasurfaces is essential for high-integration photonics. However, most previous studies encountered challenges such as limited degrees of freedom, simple tuning of predefined functionality, and complicated control systems. Here, we develop a general strategy to construct switchable and multifunctional metasurfaces. Two spin-modulated wave-controls are enabled by the proposed high-efficiency metasurface, which is designed using both resonant and geometric phases. Furthermore, the switchable wavefront tailoring can also be achieved by flexibly altering the lattice constant and reforming the phase retardation of the metasurfaces based on the “rotating square” (RS) kirigami technique. As a proof of concept, a kirigami metasurface is designed that successfully demonstrates dynamic controls of three-channel beam steering. In addition, another kirigami metasurface is built for realizing tri-channel complex wavefront engineering, including straight beam focusing, tilted beam focusing, and anomalous reflection. By altering the polarization of input waves as well as transformation states, the functionality of the metadevice can be switched flexibly among three different channels. Microwave experiments show good agreement with full-wave simulations, clearly demonstrating the performance of the metadevices. This strategy exhibits advantages such as flexible control, low cost, and multiple and switchable functionalities, providing a new pathway for achieving switchable wavefront engineering.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/1/61metasurfacekirigami techniqueswitchable functionalityanomalous reflection |
| spellingShingle | Yingying Wang Yang Shi Liangwei Li Zhiyan Zhu Muhan Liu Xiangyu Jin Haodong Li Guobang Jiang Jizhai Cui Shaojie Ma Qiong He Lei Zhou Shulin Sun Electromagnetic Wavefront Engineering by Switchable and Multifunctional Kirigami Metasurfaces Nanomaterials metasurface kirigami technique switchable functionality anomalous reflection |
| title | Electromagnetic Wavefront Engineering by Switchable and Multifunctional Kirigami Metasurfaces |
| title_full | Electromagnetic Wavefront Engineering by Switchable and Multifunctional Kirigami Metasurfaces |
| title_fullStr | Electromagnetic Wavefront Engineering by Switchable and Multifunctional Kirigami Metasurfaces |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electromagnetic Wavefront Engineering by Switchable and Multifunctional Kirigami Metasurfaces |
| title_short | Electromagnetic Wavefront Engineering by Switchable and Multifunctional Kirigami Metasurfaces |
| title_sort | electromagnetic wavefront engineering by switchable and multifunctional kirigami metasurfaces |
| topic | metasurface kirigami technique switchable functionality anomalous reflection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/1/61 |
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