The First Laser Retroreflector on the Lunar Far Side Onboard China’s Chang’e-6 Lander

The Chang’e-6 (CE-6) lander-ascender combination softly touched down at the designated landing site in the Apollo basin within the South Pole–Aitken (SPA) basin on 2024 June 2. As one of the 4 international payloads onboard CE-6, the INstrument for landing-Roving laser Retroreflector Investigations...

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Main Authors: Yexin Wang, Simone Dell’Agnello, Kaichang Di, Marco Muccino, Hongqian Cao, Luca Porcelli, Xiangjin Deng, Lorenzo Salvatori, Jinsong Ping, Mattia Tibuzzi, Yuqiang Li, Luciana Filomena, Zhizhong Kang, Michele Montanari, Zhanfeng Meng, Lorenza Mauro, Bin Xie, Mauro Maiello
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) 2025-01-01
Series:Space: Science & Technology
Online Access:https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/space.0301
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author Yexin Wang
Simone Dell’Agnello
Kaichang Di
Marco Muccino
Hongqian Cao
Luca Porcelli
Xiangjin Deng
Lorenzo Salvatori
Jinsong Ping
Mattia Tibuzzi
Yuqiang Li
Luciana Filomena
Zhizhong Kang
Michele Montanari
Zhanfeng Meng
Lorenza Mauro
Bin Xie
Mauro Maiello
author_facet Yexin Wang
Simone Dell’Agnello
Kaichang Di
Marco Muccino
Hongqian Cao
Luca Porcelli
Xiangjin Deng
Lorenzo Salvatori
Jinsong Ping
Mattia Tibuzzi
Yuqiang Li
Luciana Filomena
Zhizhong Kang
Michele Montanari
Zhanfeng Meng
Lorenza Mauro
Bin Xie
Mauro Maiello
author_sort Yexin Wang
collection DOAJ
description The Chang’e-6 (CE-6) lander-ascender combination softly touched down at the designated landing site in the Apollo basin within the South Pole–Aitken (SPA) basin on 2024 June 2. As one of the 4 international payloads onboard CE-6, the INstrument for landing-Roving laser Retroreflector Investigations (INRRI) was installed on the top panel of the lander. Developed by the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics–Frascati National Laboratory (INFN-LNF), with support from ASI (Italian Space Agency), this Italian instrument had already been deployed on Mars surface missions: ExoMars (ESA-ASI), InSight (NASA), and Perseverance (NASA). The piggybacking of this instrument came through the collaboration between Italian and Chinese scientists in response to an international Announcement of Opportunity issued by the China National Space Administration in 2018. To optimize its mounting on the CE-6 lander, adaptive design and environmental qualification tests were conducted to meet the requirements of surviving on the far side lunar surface environment. The INRRI retroreflector can be observed using the laser altimeter onboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and future lunar orbiter missions (e.g., Chang’e-7). The successful landing of CE-6 establishes the first permanent location marker on the Moon’s far side, and it will serve as an absolute control point to support lunar surface positioning and mapping, and orbit determination and navigation of future lunar orbiters with laser ranging instruments.
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spelling doaj-art-d3397262bec541dcb684470a3b42760f2025-08-20T02:55:07ZengAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)Space: Science & Technology2692-76592025-01-01510.34133/space.0301The First Laser Retroreflector on the Lunar Far Side Onboard China’s Chang’e-6 LanderYexin Wang0Simone Dell’Agnello1Kaichang Di2Marco Muccino3Hongqian Cao4Luca Porcelli5Xiangjin Deng6Lorenzo Salvatori7Jinsong Ping8Mattia Tibuzzi9Yuqiang Li10Luciana Filomena11Zhizhong Kang12Michele Montanari13Zhanfeng Meng14Lorenza Mauro15Bin Xie16Mauro Maiello17State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.National Institute for Nuclear Physics–FrascatiNational Laboratory (INFN-LNF), Frascati (Rome)00044, Italy.State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.National Institute for Nuclear Physics–FrascatiNational Laboratory (INFN-LNF), Frascati (Rome)00044, Italy.Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China.National Institute for Nuclear Physics–FrascatiNational Laboratory (INFN-LNF), Frascati (Rome)00044, Italy.Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China.National Institute for Nuclear Physics–FrascatiNational Laboratory (INFN-LNF), Frascati (Rome)00044, Italy.National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.National Institute for Nuclear Physics–FrascatiNational Laboratory (INFN-LNF), Frascati (Rome)00044, Italy.Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650216, China.National Institute for Nuclear Physics–FrascatiNational Laboratory (INFN-LNF), Frascati (Rome)00044, Italy.School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.National Institute for Nuclear Physics–FrascatiNational Laboratory (INFN-LNF), Frascati (Rome)00044, Italy.Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China.National Institute for Nuclear Physics–FrascatiNational Laboratory (INFN-LNF), Frascati (Rome)00044, Italy.State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.National Institute for Nuclear Physics–FrascatiNational Laboratory (INFN-LNF), Frascati (Rome)00044, Italy.The Chang’e-6 (CE-6) lander-ascender combination softly touched down at the designated landing site in the Apollo basin within the South Pole–Aitken (SPA) basin on 2024 June 2. As one of the 4 international payloads onboard CE-6, the INstrument for landing-Roving laser Retroreflector Investigations (INRRI) was installed on the top panel of the lander. Developed by the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics–Frascati National Laboratory (INFN-LNF), with support from ASI (Italian Space Agency), this Italian instrument had already been deployed on Mars surface missions: ExoMars (ESA-ASI), InSight (NASA), and Perseverance (NASA). The piggybacking of this instrument came through the collaboration between Italian and Chinese scientists in response to an international Announcement of Opportunity issued by the China National Space Administration in 2018. To optimize its mounting on the CE-6 lander, adaptive design and environmental qualification tests were conducted to meet the requirements of surviving on the far side lunar surface environment. The INRRI retroreflector can be observed using the laser altimeter onboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and future lunar orbiter missions (e.g., Chang’e-7). The successful landing of CE-6 establishes the first permanent location marker on the Moon’s far side, and it will serve as an absolute control point to support lunar surface positioning and mapping, and orbit determination and navigation of future lunar orbiters with laser ranging instruments.https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/space.0301
spellingShingle Yexin Wang
Simone Dell’Agnello
Kaichang Di
Marco Muccino
Hongqian Cao
Luca Porcelli
Xiangjin Deng
Lorenzo Salvatori
Jinsong Ping
Mattia Tibuzzi
Yuqiang Li
Luciana Filomena
Zhizhong Kang
Michele Montanari
Zhanfeng Meng
Lorenza Mauro
Bin Xie
Mauro Maiello
The First Laser Retroreflector on the Lunar Far Side Onboard China’s Chang’e-6 Lander
Space: Science & Technology
title The First Laser Retroreflector on the Lunar Far Side Onboard China’s Chang’e-6 Lander
title_full The First Laser Retroreflector on the Lunar Far Side Onboard China’s Chang’e-6 Lander
title_fullStr The First Laser Retroreflector on the Lunar Far Side Onboard China’s Chang’e-6 Lander
title_full_unstemmed The First Laser Retroreflector on the Lunar Far Side Onboard China’s Chang’e-6 Lander
title_short The First Laser Retroreflector on the Lunar Far Side Onboard China’s Chang’e-6 Lander
title_sort first laser retroreflector on the lunar far side onboard china s chang e 6 lander
url https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/space.0301
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