The Difference Between the Actual and Ideal Number of Children Depending on Socioeconomic Status: An Analysis of National Fertility Survey Data in Japan

This study aimed to investigate the association between socioeconomic status and the difference between the actual and ideal number of children. We used cross-sectional data from the National Fertility Survey for married couples conducted by the National Institute of Population and Social Security R...

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Main Author: Tasuku Okui
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Social Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/14/6/330
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author Tasuku Okui
author_facet Tasuku Okui
author_sort Tasuku Okui
collection DOAJ
description This study aimed to investigate the association between socioeconomic status and the difference between the actual and ideal number of children. We used cross-sectional data from the National Fertility Survey for married couples conducted by the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research in 2015 and 2021. Combining files from both years, responses from a total of 12,632 couples were analyzed. A modified Poisson regression model was used to investigate associations between the outcomes and the socioeconomic characteristics of the studied couples. The two outcomes were having fewer children than ideal and having more children than ideal, and their proportions were 47.2% and 3.4%, respectively. Husbands and wives who were high school graduates were less inclined to have fewer children than ideal, and wives who were non-regular workers or unemployed were less inclined to have fewer children than ideal than wives who were regular workers. In addition, couples in the lowest household income group were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of having fewer children than ideal. These results showed being in the lower household income group was associated with a higher prevalence of having fewer children than ideal and suggested the need for support for low-income households.
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spelling doaj-art-d335fd50f1634cf9a01dddec1eb47f042025-08-20T03:29:48ZengMDPI AGSocial Sciences2076-07602025-05-0114633010.3390/socsci14060330The Difference Between the Actual and Ideal Number of Children Depending on Socioeconomic Status: An Analysis of National Fertility Survey Data in JapanTasuku Okui0Medical Information Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, JapanThis study aimed to investigate the association between socioeconomic status and the difference between the actual and ideal number of children. We used cross-sectional data from the National Fertility Survey for married couples conducted by the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research in 2015 and 2021. Combining files from both years, responses from a total of 12,632 couples were analyzed. A modified Poisson regression model was used to investigate associations between the outcomes and the socioeconomic characteristics of the studied couples. The two outcomes were having fewer children than ideal and having more children than ideal, and their proportions were 47.2% and 3.4%, respectively. Husbands and wives who were high school graduates were less inclined to have fewer children than ideal, and wives who were non-regular workers or unemployed were less inclined to have fewer children than ideal than wives who were regular workers. In addition, couples in the lowest household income group were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of having fewer children than ideal. These results showed being in the lower household income group was associated with a higher prevalence of having fewer children than ideal and suggested the need for support for low-income households.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/14/6/330Japannumber of childrensocioeconomic statusincomeeducational attainment
spellingShingle Tasuku Okui
The Difference Between the Actual and Ideal Number of Children Depending on Socioeconomic Status: An Analysis of National Fertility Survey Data in Japan
Social Sciences
Japan
number of children
socioeconomic status
income
educational attainment
title The Difference Between the Actual and Ideal Number of Children Depending on Socioeconomic Status: An Analysis of National Fertility Survey Data in Japan
title_full The Difference Between the Actual and Ideal Number of Children Depending on Socioeconomic Status: An Analysis of National Fertility Survey Data in Japan
title_fullStr The Difference Between the Actual and Ideal Number of Children Depending on Socioeconomic Status: An Analysis of National Fertility Survey Data in Japan
title_full_unstemmed The Difference Between the Actual and Ideal Number of Children Depending on Socioeconomic Status: An Analysis of National Fertility Survey Data in Japan
title_short The Difference Between the Actual and Ideal Number of Children Depending on Socioeconomic Status: An Analysis of National Fertility Survey Data in Japan
title_sort difference between the actual and ideal number of children depending on socioeconomic status an analysis of national fertility survey data in japan
topic Japan
number of children
socioeconomic status
income
educational attainment
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/14/6/330
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