The consequences of ultra-processed foods on brain development during prenatal, adolescent and adult stages

Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are highly refined formulations of non-nutritive compounds containing elevated amounts of sugar, fat, sodium, food additives, and dietary emulsifiers. Consumption of UPF is robustly linked to a range of non-communicable diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardi...

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Main Authors: Gaia Mottis, Pratheba Kandasamey, Daria Peleg-Raibstein
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Public Health
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1590083/full
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author Gaia Mottis
Pratheba Kandasamey
Pratheba Kandasamey
Pratheba Kandasamey
Daria Peleg-Raibstein
Daria Peleg-Raibstein
Daria Peleg-Raibstein
Daria Peleg-Raibstein
author_facet Gaia Mottis
Pratheba Kandasamey
Pratheba Kandasamey
Pratheba Kandasamey
Daria Peleg-Raibstein
Daria Peleg-Raibstein
Daria Peleg-Raibstein
Daria Peleg-Raibstein
author_sort Gaia Mottis
collection DOAJ
description Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are highly refined formulations of non-nutritive compounds containing elevated amounts of sugar, fat, sodium, food additives, and dietary emulsifiers. Consumption of UPF is robustly linked to a range of non-communicable diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mental disorders in adults. While substantial research highlights the negative health impacts of UPFs in adulthood, their effects on brain development during critical periods of biological vulnerability, pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence, remain underexplored. During pregnancy, significant metabolic and physiological adaptations occur to support fetal growth, making maternal diet quality essential for optimal perinatal outcomes. Poor maternal nutrition, including high UPF consumption, has been associated with an increased risk of hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, and adverse birth weights, potentially predisposing offspring to metabolic health disorders later in life. Similarly, in early childhood, inadequate nutrition is a key risk factor for developmental impairments, influencing cognitive function and long-term health outcomes. Adolescence, another critical stage of brain maturation, is particularly susceptible to the effects of micronutrient deficiencies, often exacerbated by diets high in UPFs, which can impair neurodevelopment and cognitive performance. As UPFs continue to dominate modern diets, accounting for over 50% of total energy intake in some developed nations, understanding their long-term impact on brain development is crucial. Early-life exposure to UPFs may contribute to lasting cognitive deficits and increased susceptibility to mental health disorders, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted dietary interventions and public health strategies aimed at pregnant women, children, and adolescents.
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spelling doaj-art-d3339a15add640c38dd66c18ffa4c2ac2025-08-20T03:29:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652025-06-011310.3389/fpubh.2025.15900831590083The consequences of ultra-processed foods on brain development during prenatal, adolescent and adult stagesGaia Mottis0Pratheba Kandasamey1Pratheba Kandasamey2Pratheba Kandasamey3Daria Peleg-Raibstein4Daria Peleg-Raibstein5Daria Peleg-Raibstein6Daria Peleg-Raibstein7Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandDepartment of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandDepartment of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandNeuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, ETH Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandUltra-processed foods (UPFs) are highly refined formulations of non-nutritive compounds containing elevated amounts of sugar, fat, sodium, food additives, and dietary emulsifiers. Consumption of UPF is robustly linked to a range of non-communicable diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mental disorders in adults. While substantial research highlights the negative health impacts of UPFs in adulthood, their effects on brain development during critical periods of biological vulnerability, pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence, remain underexplored. During pregnancy, significant metabolic and physiological adaptations occur to support fetal growth, making maternal diet quality essential for optimal perinatal outcomes. Poor maternal nutrition, including high UPF consumption, has been associated with an increased risk of hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, and adverse birth weights, potentially predisposing offspring to metabolic health disorders later in life. Similarly, in early childhood, inadequate nutrition is a key risk factor for developmental impairments, influencing cognitive function and long-term health outcomes. Adolescence, another critical stage of brain maturation, is particularly susceptible to the effects of micronutrient deficiencies, often exacerbated by diets high in UPFs, which can impair neurodevelopment and cognitive performance. As UPFs continue to dominate modern diets, accounting for over 50% of total energy intake in some developed nations, understanding their long-term impact on brain development is crucial. Early-life exposure to UPFs may contribute to lasting cognitive deficits and increased susceptibility to mental health disorders, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted dietary interventions and public health strategies aimed at pregnant women, children, and adolescents.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1590083/fullultra processed foodmaternalnutritionoffspringcognitioneating behaviors
spellingShingle Gaia Mottis
Pratheba Kandasamey
Pratheba Kandasamey
Pratheba Kandasamey
Daria Peleg-Raibstein
Daria Peleg-Raibstein
Daria Peleg-Raibstein
Daria Peleg-Raibstein
The consequences of ultra-processed foods on brain development during prenatal, adolescent and adult stages
Frontiers in Public Health
ultra processed food
maternal
nutrition
offspring
cognition
eating behaviors
title The consequences of ultra-processed foods on brain development during prenatal, adolescent and adult stages
title_full The consequences of ultra-processed foods on brain development during prenatal, adolescent and adult stages
title_fullStr The consequences of ultra-processed foods on brain development during prenatal, adolescent and adult stages
title_full_unstemmed The consequences of ultra-processed foods on brain development during prenatal, adolescent and adult stages
title_short The consequences of ultra-processed foods on brain development during prenatal, adolescent and adult stages
title_sort consequences of ultra processed foods on brain development during prenatal adolescent and adult stages
topic ultra processed food
maternal
nutrition
offspring
cognition
eating behaviors
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1590083/full
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