Association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and Sarcopenic obesity in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study

Objective: This study examines the relationship between the ratio of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (NHHR) and sarcopenic obesity in U.S. adults, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods: We analysed...

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Main Authors: Jiao Liu, Fujue Ji, Jong-Hee Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Preventive Medicine Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335525001901
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author Jiao Liu
Fujue Ji
Jong-Hee Kim
author_facet Jiao Liu
Fujue Ji
Jong-Hee Kim
author_sort Jiao Liu
collection DOAJ
description Objective: This study examines the relationship between the ratio of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (NHHR) and sarcopenic obesity in U.S. adults, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods: We analysed data from NHANES collected between 2011 and 2018. Multivariable regression models assessed the NHHR-sarcopenic obesity relationship, and limited cubic spline analysis investigated potential non-linearity. We employed likelihood ratio tests to evaluate model fit and performed subgroup analyses to verify the consistency of our findings. Results: The analysis included 8601 participants with an average age of 39.94 ± 11.45 years. In the fully adjusted model, each unit increase in NHHR was associated with a 76 % higher likelihood of sarcopenic obesity (odds ratio [OR]: 1.76, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–2.63). The relationship between NHHR and sarcopenic obesity was non-linear, with a significant breakpoint at 3.36. Below this threshold, each unit increase in NHHR significantly increased the risk of sarcopenic obesity (OR: 1.53, 95 % CI: 1.32–1.78), while above this threshold, NHHR had no significant effect on sarcopenic obesity prevalence. Conclusions: These results indicate a positive and non-linear association between NHHR and sarcopenic obesity, suggesting that NHHR, as a simple and widely available lipid marker, may assist in the early identification of individuals at risk of sarcopenic obesity. Further large-scale longitudinal studies are needed to validate its predictive value across broader age groups and to clarify its potential utility in personalized risk assessment and clinical screening.
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spelling doaj-art-d33030eabb734fc5bda514240fa5713d2025-08-20T03:50:58ZengElsevierPreventive Medicine Reports2211-33552025-08-015610315110.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103151Association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and Sarcopenic obesity in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional studyJiao Liu0Fujue Ji1Jong-Hee Kim2Major in Sport Science, Division of Sport Industry and Science, College of Performing Arts and Sport, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of KoreaMajor in Sport Science, Division of Sport Industry and Science, College of Performing Arts and Sport, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, 004763, Republic of KoreaMajor in Sport Science, Division of Sport Industry and Science, College of Performing Arts and Sport, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, 004763, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author at: Major in Sport Science, Division of Sport Industry and Science, College of Performing Arts and Sport, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.Objective: This study examines the relationship between the ratio of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (NHHR) and sarcopenic obesity in U.S. adults, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods: We analysed data from NHANES collected between 2011 and 2018. Multivariable regression models assessed the NHHR-sarcopenic obesity relationship, and limited cubic spline analysis investigated potential non-linearity. We employed likelihood ratio tests to evaluate model fit and performed subgroup analyses to verify the consistency of our findings. Results: The analysis included 8601 participants with an average age of 39.94 ± 11.45 years. In the fully adjusted model, each unit increase in NHHR was associated with a 76 % higher likelihood of sarcopenic obesity (odds ratio [OR]: 1.76, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–2.63). The relationship between NHHR and sarcopenic obesity was non-linear, with a significant breakpoint at 3.36. Below this threshold, each unit increase in NHHR significantly increased the risk of sarcopenic obesity (OR: 1.53, 95 % CI: 1.32–1.78), while above this threshold, NHHR had no significant effect on sarcopenic obesity prevalence. Conclusions: These results indicate a positive and non-linear association between NHHR and sarcopenic obesity, suggesting that NHHR, as a simple and widely available lipid marker, may assist in the early identification of individuals at risk of sarcopenic obesity. Further large-scale longitudinal studies are needed to validate its predictive value across broader age groups and to clarify its potential utility in personalized risk assessment and clinical screening.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335525001901Cross-sectional researchSarcopenic obesitySerum lipidsNon-high-density lipoprotein cholesterolHigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol
spellingShingle Jiao Liu
Fujue Ji
Jong-Hee Kim
Association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and Sarcopenic obesity in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study
Preventive Medicine Reports
Cross-sectional research
Sarcopenic obesity
Serum lipids
Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol
title Association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and Sarcopenic obesity in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study
title_full Association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and Sarcopenic obesity in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and Sarcopenic obesity in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and Sarcopenic obesity in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study
title_short Association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and Sarcopenic obesity in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study
title_sort association between the non high density lipoprotein cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and sarcopenic obesity in u s adults a cross sectional study
topic Cross-sectional research
Sarcopenic obesity
Serum lipids
Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335525001901
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AT jongheekim associationbetweenthenonhighdensitylipoproteincholesteroltohighdensitylipoproteincholesterolratioandsarcopenicobesityinusadultsacrosssectionalstudy