ENSO Significantly Changes the Carbon Sink and Source Pattern in the Pacific Ocean with Regional Differences
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) alters ocean–atmosphere carbon exchange, but the mechanisms by which it affects the air–sea carbon flux (FCO<sub>2</sub>) remain unclear. Here, we used gridded FCO<sub>2</sub> data from 2003 to 2021 to elucidate the control processes an...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Xue Tang Xuhao Wan Maohong Wei Hongtao Nie Wei Qian Xueqiang Lu Lin Zhu Jianfeng Feng |
| author_facet | Xue Tang Xuhao Wan Maohong Wei Hongtao Nie Wei Qian Xueqiang Lu Lin Zhu Jianfeng Feng |
| author_sort | Xue Tang |
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| description | The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) alters ocean–atmosphere carbon exchange, but the mechanisms by which it affects the air–sea carbon flux (FCO<sub>2</sub>) remain unclear. Here, we used gridded FCO<sub>2</sub> data from 2003 to 2021 to elucidate the control processes and regional differences in the influence of the ENSO on FCO<sub>2</sub> in the mid–low latitude Pacific Ocean. Overall, the mid–low latitude Pacific Ocean region was a net sink for CO<sub>2</sub>, with an average uptake rate of −0.39 molC·m<sup>−2</sup>·year<sup>−1</sup>. Specifically, during the La Niña period in 2010–2012, the absorption rate decreased by 15.38%, while during the El Niño period in 2015–2016, it increased by 30.77%. El Niño (La Niña) suppressed (promoted) biological primary production in the North Pacific, leading to reduced (enhanced) carbon uptake. El Niño (La Niña) also inhibited (promoted) physical vertical mixing in the Equatorial Pacific, leading to reduced (enhanced) carbon emissions. In the South Pacific, however, El Niño increased carbon uptake and La Niña decreased carbon uptake; although, not by these two processes. More frequent El Niño in the future will further reduce carbon absorption in the North Pacific and carbon emission in the Equatorial Pacific but increase carbon absorption in the South Pacific. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-d32aa9ba3cc64cceabbdd9d89a776cf92024-12-27T14:50:47ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922024-12-011624465210.3390/rs16244652ENSO Significantly Changes the Carbon Sink and Source Pattern in the Pacific Ocean with Regional DifferencesXue Tang0Xuhao Wan1Maohong Wei2Hongtao Nie3Wei Qian4Xueqiang Lu5Lin Zhu6Jianfeng Feng7School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaSchool of Ocean Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaSchool of Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaThe El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) alters ocean–atmosphere carbon exchange, but the mechanisms by which it affects the air–sea carbon flux (FCO<sub>2</sub>) remain unclear. Here, we used gridded FCO<sub>2</sub> data from 2003 to 2021 to elucidate the control processes and regional differences in the influence of the ENSO on FCO<sub>2</sub> in the mid–low latitude Pacific Ocean. Overall, the mid–low latitude Pacific Ocean region was a net sink for CO<sub>2</sub>, with an average uptake rate of −0.39 molC·m<sup>−2</sup>·year<sup>−1</sup>. Specifically, during the La Niña period in 2010–2012, the absorption rate decreased by 15.38%, while during the El Niño period in 2015–2016, it increased by 30.77%. El Niño (La Niña) suppressed (promoted) biological primary production in the North Pacific, leading to reduced (enhanced) carbon uptake. El Niño (La Niña) also inhibited (promoted) physical vertical mixing in the Equatorial Pacific, leading to reduced (enhanced) carbon emissions. In the South Pacific, however, El Niño increased carbon uptake and La Niña decreased carbon uptake; although, not by these two processes. More frequent El Niño in the future will further reduce carbon absorption in the North Pacific and carbon emission in the Equatorial Pacific but increase carbon absorption in the South Pacific.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/24/4652carbon sinkEl Niño-Southern Oscillationclimate changestructural equation model |
| spellingShingle | Xue Tang Xuhao Wan Maohong Wei Hongtao Nie Wei Qian Xueqiang Lu Lin Zhu Jianfeng Feng ENSO Significantly Changes the Carbon Sink and Source Pattern in the Pacific Ocean with Regional Differences Remote Sensing carbon sink El Niño-Southern Oscillation climate change structural equation model |
| title | ENSO Significantly Changes the Carbon Sink and Source Pattern in the Pacific Ocean with Regional Differences |
| title_full | ENSO Significantly Changes the Carbon Sink and Source Pattern in the Pacific Ocean with Regional Differences |
| title_fullStr | ENSO Significantly Changes the Carbon Sink and Source Pattern in the Pacific Ocean with Regional Differences |
| title_full_unstemmed | ENSO Significantly Changes the Carbon Sink and Source Pattern in the Pacific Ocean with Regional Differences |
| title_short | ENSO Significantly Changes the Carbon Sink and Source Pattern in the Pacific Ocean with Regional Differences |
| title_sort | enso significantly changes the carbon sink and source pattern in the pacific ocean with regional differences |
| topic | carbon sink El Niño-Southern Oscillation climate change structural equation model |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/24/4652 |
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