Extended red aurora associated with super substorm igniting the October 10, 2024 magnetic storm as revealed by citizen science
Abstract A large magnetic storm occurred on October 10, 2024 and a super substorm occurred just after the shock arrival at 1520 UT. As a result, red auroras were photographed at multiple points over a wide region of Japan from 1700 UT (1 Japan local time). We apply a Bayesian analysis to estimate th...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SpringerOpen
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Earth, Planets and Space |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02178-w |
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| Summary: | Abstract A large magnetic storm occurred on October 10, 2024 and a super substorm occurred just after the shock arrival at 1520 UT. As a result, red auroras were photographed at multiple points over a wide region of Japan from 1700 UT (1 Japan local time). We apply a Bayesian analysis to estimate the time variation of the most probable height and latitude of the red aurora based on the citizen science data set, in combination with the POES/MetOp satellite data sets of electron precipitation boundary. We find that the top height of red aurora extended to ~ 950 km and the red aurora shifted toward low latitude according to the storm development. The ultra-high altitude of the red aurora can be evidence of rapid atmospheric heating and atmospheric expansion. Graphical abstract |
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| ISSN: | 1880-5981 |