Chronic Maternal Overnutrition and Nutritional Challenge in Adult Life Disrupt Metabolic Diurnal Rhythmicity and Clock Gene Expression in Central and Peripheral Circadian Oscillators

In mammals, the core molecular clock genes and the overall circadian system are established during early development; during this critical period of development, maternal metabolic condition plays a major role in programming temporal metabolic regulation. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the...

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Main Authors: Lucía Carolina Cano, Erika Navarrete, Juan Pablo Ochoa-Romo, Georgina Díaz, Verónica Díaz-Hernández, Rodrigo Montúfar-Chaveznava, Ivette Caldelas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Biology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/5/541
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author Lucía Carolina Cano
Erika Navarrete
Juan Pablo Ochoa-Romo
Georgina Díaz
Verónica Díaz-Hernández
Rodrigo Montúfar-Chaveznava
Ivette Caldelas
author_facet Lucía Carolina Cano
Erika Navarrete
Juan Pablo Ochoa-Romo
Georgina Díaz
Verónica Díaz-Hernández
Rodrigo Montúfar-Chaveznava
Ivette Caldelas
author_sort Lucía Carolina Cano
collection DOAJ
description In mammals, the core molecular clock genes and the overall circadian system are established during early development; during this critical period of development, maternal metabolic condition plays a major role in programming temporal metabolic regulation. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of the chronic maternal intake of a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet (HFCD) before and during pregnancy, in addition to a challenge with HFCD during adulthood, on offspring diurnal metabolic profile and on clock gene expression in central and peripheral circadian oscillators. The HFCD offspring and/or those exposed to the metabolic challenge exhibited alterations in the temporal profiles of analytes associated with both the carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms, as well as markers associated with liver and kidney damage, ranging from phase changes in rhythmicity or, in some cases, to the complete loss of 24 h variations. At the molecular level, the expression of clock genes (<i>Per1</i>, <i>Cry1</i>, <i>Bmal1</i>, and <i>Clock</i>) in the central and peripheral oscillators showed differential susceptibility to undergoing changes in their abundance. Our data indicate that maternal HFCD during pregnancy, a second exposure in adulthood, or both result in the long-term misalignment of the diurnal rhythm’s metabolic and damage markers; these changes are possibly associated with alterations in the core molecular circadian clockwork.
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spelling doaj-art-d32a04cf8b3f41b4a31d51d85d037f842025-08-20T03:14:35ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372025-05-0114554110.3390/biology14050541Chronic Maternal Overnutrition and Nutritional Challenge in Adult Life Disrupt Metabolic Diurnal Rhythmicity and Clock Gene Expression in Central and Peripheral Circadian OscillatorsLucía Carolina Cano0Erika Navarrete1Juan Pablo Ochoa-Romo2Georgina Díaz3Verónica Díaz-Hernández4Rodrigo Montúfar-Chaveznava5Ivette Caldelas6Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, MexicoFacultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, MexicoFacultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, MexicoIn mammals, the core molecular clock genes and the overall circadian system are established during early development; during this critical period of development, maternal metabolic condition plays a major role in programming temporal metabolic regulation. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of the chronic maternal intake of a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet (HFCD) before and during pregnancy, in addition to a challenge with HFCD during adulthood, on offspring diurnal metabolic profile and on clock gene expression in central and peripheral circadian oscillators. The HFCD offspring and/or those exposed to the metabolic challenge exhibited alterations in the temporal profiles of analytes associated with both the carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms, as well as markers associated with liver and kidney damage, ranging from phase changes in rhythmicity or, in some cases, to the complete loss of 24 h variations. At the molecular level, the expression of clock genes (<i>Per1</i>, <i>Cry1</i>, <i>Bmal1</i>, and <i>Clock</i>) in the central and peripheral oscillators showed differential susceptibility to undergoing changes in their abundance. Our data indicate that maternal HFCD during pregnancy, a second exposure in adulthood, or both result in the long-term misalignment of the diurnal rhythm’s metabolic and damage markers; these changes are possibly associated with alterations in the core molecular circadian clockwork.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/5/541maternal overnutritioncircadian rhythmsmultigenerational inheritancenutritional challengemetabolic dysregulationclock genes
spellingShingle Lucía Carolina Cano
Erika Navarrete
Juan Pablo Ochoa-Romo
Georgina Díaz
Verónica Díaz-Hernández
Rodrigo Montúfar-Chaveznava
Ivette Caldelas
Chronic Maternal Overnutrition and Nutritional Challenge in Adult Life Disrupt Metabolic Diurnal Rhythmicity and Clock Gene Expression in Central and Peripheral Circadian Oscillators
Biology
maternal overnutrition
circadian rhythms
multigenerational inheritance
nutritional challenge
metabolic dysregulation
clock genes
title Chronic Maternal Overnutrition and Nutritional Challenge in Adult Life Disrupt Metabolic Diurnal Rhythmicity and Clock Gene Expression in Central and Peripheral Circadian Oscillators
title_full Chronic Maternal Overnutrition and Nutritional Challenge in Adult Life Disrupt Metabolic Diurnal Rhythmicity and Clock Gene Expression in Central and Peripheral Circadian Oscillators
title_fullStr Chronic Maternal Overnutrition and Nutritional Challenge in Adult Life Disrupt Metabolic Diurnal Rhythmicity and Clock Gene Expression in Central and Peripheral Circadian Oscillators
title_full_unstemmed Chronic Maternal Overnutrition and Nutritional Challenge in Adult Life Disrupt Metabolic Diurnal Rhythmicity and Clock Gene Expression in Central and Peripheral Circadian Oscillators
title_short Chronic Maternal Overnutrition and Nutritional Challenge in Adult Life Disrupt Metabolic Diurnal Rhythmicity and Clock Gene Expression in Central and Peripheral Circadian Oscillators
title_sort chronic maternal overnutrition and nutritional challenge in adult life disrupt metabolic diurnal rhythmicity and clock gene expression in central and peripheral circadian oscillators
topic maternal overnutrition
circadian rhythms
multigenerational inheritance
nutritional challenge
metabolic dysregulation
clock genes
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/5/541
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