Associations of concomitant medications with immune-related adverse events and survival in advanced cancers treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis

Background While concomitant medications can affect the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), few studies have assessed associations of concomitant medications with the occurrence and profile of immune-related adverse events (irAEs).Methods This study assessed associations of concomitant...

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Main Authors: Tappei Takada, Yukari Uemura, Haruki Kume, Sebastiano Buti, Satoru Taguchi, Taketo Kawai, Katsuhiko Nara, Takehito Yamamoto
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2024-03-01
Series:Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer
Online Access:https://jitc.bmj.com/content/12/3/e008806.full
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author Tappei Takada
Yukari Uemura
Haruki Kume
Sebastiano Buti
Satoru Taguchi
Taketo Kawai
Katsuhiko Nara
Takehito Yamamoto
author_facet Tappei Takada
Yukari Uemura
Haruki Kume
Sebastiano Buti
Satoru Taguchi
Taketo Kawai
Katsuhiko Nara
Takehito Yamamoto
author_sort Tappei Takada
collection DOAJ
description Background While concomitant medications can affect the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), few studies have assessed associations of concomitant medications with the occurrence and profile of immune-related adverse events (irAEs).Methods This study assessed associations of concomitant medication (antibiotics/proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)/corticosteroids)-based risk model termed the “drug score” with survival and the occurrence and profile of irAEs in 851 patients with advanced cancer treated with ICIs (with or without other agents). The study also assessed the survival impact of the occurrence of irAEs, using a landmark analysis to minimize immortal time bias. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses were conducted for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).Results The drug score classified patients into three risk groups, with significantly different PFS and OS. Notably, the score’s predictive capability was better in patients treated with ICIs only than in those treated with ICIs plus other agents. The landmark analysis showed that patients who developed irAEs had significantly longer PFS and OS than those without irAEs. Generally, concomitant medications were negatively associated with the occurrence of irAEs, especially endocrine irAEs, whereas PPI use was positively associated with gastrointestinal irAEs, as an exception.Conclusions Using a large pan-cancer cohort, the prognostic ability of the drug score was validated, as well as that of the occurrence of irAEs. The negative association between concomitant medications and irAE occurrence could be an indirect measure of the detrimental effect on the immune system induced by one or more concomitant drugs.
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spelling doaj-art-d329cbbc3ac847beb2cb2165785543e62025-08-20T02:49:09ZengBMJ Publishing GroupJournal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer2051-14262024-03-0112310.1136/jitc-2024-008806Associations of concomitant medications with immune-related adverse events and survival in advanced cancers treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a comprehensive pan-cancer analysisTappei Takada0Yukari Uemura1Haruki Kume2Sebastiano Buti3Satoru Taguchi4Taketo Kawai5Katsuhiko Nara6Takehito Yamamoto7Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, JapanBiostatistics Section, Department of Data Science, Center of Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanMedicine and Surgery Department, University of Parma, Parma, ItalyDepartment of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Urology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, JapanBackground While concomitant medications can affect the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), few studies have assessed associations of concomitant medications with the occurrence and profile of immune-related adverse events (irAEs).Methods This study assessed associations of concomitant medication (antibiotics/proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)/corticosteroids)-based risk model termed the “drug score” with survival and the occurrence and profile of irAEs in 851 patients with advanced cancer treated with ICIs (with or without other agents). The study also assessed the survival impact of the occurrence of irAEs, using a landmark analysis to minimize immortal time bias. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses were conducted for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).Results The drug score classified patients into three risk groups, with significantly different PFS and OS. Notably, the score’s predictive capability was better in patients treated with ICIs only than in those treated with ICIs plus other agents. The landmark analysis showed that patients who developed irAEs had significantly longer PFS and OS than those without irAEs. Generally, concomitant medications were negatively associated with the occurrence of irAEs, especially endocrine irAEs, whereas PPI use was positively associated with gastrointestinal irAEs, as an exception.Conclusions Using a large pan-cancer cohort, the prognostic ability of the drug score was validated, as well as that of the occurrence of irAEs. The negative association between concomitant medications and irAE occurrence could be an indirect measure of the detrimental effect on the immune system induced by one or more concomitant drugs.https://jitc.bmj.com/content/12/3/e008806.full
spellingShingle Tappei Takada
Yukari Uemura
Haruki Kume
Sebastiano Buti
Satoru Taguchi
Taketo Kawai
Katsuhiko Nara
Takehito Yamamoto
Associations of concomitant medications with immune-related adverse events and survival in advanced cancers treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis
Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer
title Associations of concomitant medications with immune-related adverse events and survival in advanced cancers treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis
title_full Associations of concomitant medications with immune-related adverse events and survival in advanced cancers treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis
title_fullStr Associations of concomitant medications with immune-related adverse events and survival in advanced cancers treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis
title_full_unstemmed Associations of concomitant medications with immune-related adverse events and survival in advanced cancers treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis
title_short Associations of concomitant medications with immune-related adverse events and survival in advanced cancers treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis
title_sort associations of concomitant medications with immune related adverse events and survival in advanced cancers treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors a comprehensive pan cancer analysis
url https://jitc.bmj.com/content/12/3/e008806.full
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