Comprehensive Evaluation of Frailty and Sarcopenia Markers to Predict Survival in Glioblastoma Patients

ABSTRACT Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumour in adults. Patients with GBM are particularly susceptible to moderate‐to‐high frail. Frailty status has been associated with the outcome of many types of cancer, including GBM, although there is still little con...

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Main Authors: Chao Yang, Chao Ma, Cheng‐Shi Xu, Si‐Rui Li, Chen Li, Ze‐Fen Wang, Zhi‐Qiang Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13809
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author Chao Yang
Chao Ma
Cheng‐Shi Xu
Si‐Rui Li
Chen Li
Ze‐Fen Wang
Zhi‐Qiang Li
author_facet Chao Yang
Chao Ma
Cheng‐Shi Xu
Si‐Rui Li
Chen Li
Ze‐Fen Wang
Zhi‐Qiang Li
author_sort Chao Yang
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumour in adults. Patients with GBM are particularly susceptible to moderate‐to‐high frail. Frailty status has been associated with the outcome of many types of cancer, including GBM, although there is still little consensus regarding the specific criteria for assessing frailty status. This study aimed to determine the predictive significance of the modified frailty score (mFS) in GBM patients using haematological and sarcopenia indicators. Methods Between January 2016 and September 2022, we enrolled 309 adult GBM patients. Data on demographics, haematological examination, and temporal muscle thickness (TMT) were collected and assessed. The prognostic relevance of the frailty parameters was established using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional model. The scoring systems were created by integrating these indicators. Variables with independent prognostic values were used to construct the nomograms. Nomogram accuracy was evaluated using the calibration curve, Harrell's concordance index (C‐index), and time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curves. Clinical practicality was assessed using decision curve analysis. Results The baseline characteristics of the 309 participants revealed a median age of 59 years (interquartile range 52–66) with a predominance of male patients (58.58%). TMT (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.787, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.576–5.566, p < 0.001), prognostic nutritional index (HR = 1.722, 95% CI 1.098–2.703, p = 0.018), and mean corpuscular volume (HR = 1.958, 95% CI 1.111–3.451, p = 0.020) were identified as independent prognostic markers. The constructed mFS, obtained by integrating these three indices, exhibited independent prognostic significance (HR = 2.461, 95% CI 1.751–3.457, p < 0.001). The patients in the low‐risk group had a median overall survival (OS) of 13.9 months, while the patients in the high risk had a median OS of 5.8 months. Importantly, the mFS demonstrated significant independent prognostic value in the subgroup aged > 65 (HR = 1.822, 95% CI 1.011–3.284, p = 0.046). The nomogram, which included the mFS, demonstrated high accuracy, with a c‐index of 0.781. The nomogram bootstrapped calibration plot also performed well compared to the ideal model. Nomograms showed promising discriminative potential, with time‐dependent areas under the curves of 0.945, 0.835, and 0.820 for 0.5‐, 1‐, and 2‐year overall survival prediction, respectively. Conclusions Preoperative mFS is a comprehensive frailty marker for predicting survival outcomes in patients with GBM. A dynamic nomogram incorporating the mFS may facilitate preoperative survival evaluation. Early and appropriate multimodal interventions, including nutritional support, rehabilitation, and psychological care, may help in the neurosurgical care of patients with GBM or other brain tumours.
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spelling doaj-art-d3154ee232bf430eb1fd251be756fcba2025-08-20T02:35:37ZengWileyJournal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle2190-59912190-60092025-04-01162n/an/a10.1002/jcsm.13809Comprehensive Evaluation of Frailty and Sarcopenia Markers to Predict Survival in Glioblastoma PatientsChao Yang0Chao Ma1Cheng‐Shi Xu2Si‐Rui Li3Chen Li4Ze‐Fen Wang5Zhi‐Qiang Li6Department of Neurosurgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaDepartment of Radiology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaDepartment of Physiology Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences Wuhan ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaABSTRACT Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumour in adults. Patients with GBM are particularly susceptible to moderate‐to‐high frail. Frailty status has been associated with the outcome of many types of cancer, including GBM, although there is still little consensus regarding the specific criteria for assessing frailty status. This study aimed to determine the predictive significance of the modified frailty score (mFS) in GBM patients using haematological and sarcopenia indicators. Methods Between January 2016 and September 2022, we enrolled 309 adult GBM patients. Data on demographics, haematological examination, and temporal muscle thickness (TMT) were collected and assessed. The prognostic relevance of the frailty parameters was established using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional model. The scoring systems were created by integrating these indicators. Variables with independent prognostic values were used to construct the nomograms. Nomogram accuracy was evaluated using the calibration curve, Harrell's concordance index (C‐index), and time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curves. Clinical practicality was assessed using decision curve analysis. Results The baseline characteristics of the 309 participants revealed a median age of 59 years (interquartile range 52–66) with a predominance of male patients (58.58%). TMT (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.787, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.576–5.566, p < 0.001), prognostic nutritional index (HR = 1.722, 95% CI 1.098–2.703, p = 0.018), and mean corpuscular volume (HR = 1.958, 95% CI 1.111–3.451, p = 0.020) were identified as independent prognostic markers. The constructed mFS, obtained by integrating these three indices, exhibited independent prognostic significance (HR = 2.461, 95% CI 1.751–3.457, p < 0.001). The patients in the low‐risk group had a median overall survival (OS) of 13.9 months, while the patients in the high risk had a median OS of 5.8 months. Importantly, the mFS demonstrated significant independent prognostic value in the subgroup aged > 65 (HR = 1.822, 95% CI 1.011–3.284, p = 0.046). The nomogram, which included the mFS, demonstrated high accuracy, with a c‐index of 0.781. The nomogram bootstrapped calibration plot also performed well compared to the ideal model. Nomograms showed promising discriminative potential, with time‐dependent areas under the curves of 0.945, 0.835, and 0.820 for 0.5‐, 1‐, and 2‐year overall survival prediction, respectively. Conclusions Preoperative mFS is a comprehensive frailty marker for predicting survival outcomes in patients with GBM. A dynamic nomogram incorporating the mFS may facilitate preoperative survival evaluation. Early and appropriate multimodal interventions, including nutritional support, rehabilitation, and psychological care, may help in the neurosurgical care of patients with GBM or other brain tumours.https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13809glioblastomamean corpuscular volumeprognosisprognostic nutritional indexsarcopeniatemporal muscle thickness
spellingShingle Chao Yang
Chao Ma
Cheng‐Shi Xu
Si‐Rui Li
Chen Li
Ze‐Fen Wang
Zhi‐Qiang Li
Comprehensive Evaluation of Frailty and Sarcopenia Markers to Predict Survival in Glioblastoma Patients
Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
glioblastoma
mean corpuscular volume
prognosis
prognostic nutritional index
sarcopenia
temporal muscle thickness
title Comprehensive Evaluation of Frailty and Sarcopenia Markers to Predict Survival in Glioblastoma Patients
title_full Comprehensive Evaluation of Frailty and Sarcopenia Markers to Predict Survival in Glioblastoma Patients
title_fullStr Comprehensive Evaluation of Frailty and Sarcopenia Markers to Predict Survival in Glioblastoma Patients
title_full_unstemmed Comprehensive Evaluation of Frailty and Sarcopenia Markers to Predict Survival in Glioblastoma Patients
title_short Comprehensive Evaluation of Frailty and Sarcopenia Markers to Predict Survival in Glioblastoma Patients
title_sort comprehensive evaluation of frailty and sarcopenia markers to predict survival in glioblastoma patients
topic glioblastoma
mean corpuscular volume
prognosis
prognostic nutritional index
sarcopenia
temporal muscle thickness
url https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13809
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