Optimal scheduling of solar powered EV charging stations in a radial distribution system using opposition-based competitive swarm optimization

Abstract Solar-powered EV charging stations offer a sustainable and reliable alternative to traditional charging infrastructure, significantly alleviating stress on legacy grid systems. However, the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources poses a challenge for energy management in power dist...

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Main Authors: Isha Chandra, Navneet Kumar Singh, Paulson Samuel, Mohit Bajaj, Arvind R. Singh, Ievgen Zaitsev
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88758-y
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author Isha Chandra
Navneet Kumar Singh
Paulson Samuel
Mohit Bajaj
Arvind R. Singh
Ievgen Zaitsev
author_facet Isha Chandra
Navneet Kumar Singh
Paulson Samuel
Mohit Bajaj
Arvind R. Singh
Ievgen Zaitsev
author_sort Isha Chandra
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Solar-powered EV charging stations offer a sustainable and reliable alternative to traditional charging infrastructure, significantly alleviating stress on legacy grid systems. However, the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources poses a challenge for energy management in power distribution networks. To address this, optimal charge/discharge scheduling of EVs becomes crucial. This paper introduces an innovative Opposition-based Competitive Swarm Optimization (OCSO) technique to minimize the total charging cost of EVs in the IEEE 33-bus distribution system. Five strategically placed solar-powered charging stations on distinct buses are evaluated under three charging modes: dumb charging, smart grid-to-vehicle (G2V) charging, and smart vehicle-to-grid (V2G) charging. Comprehensive analyses are performed on critical parameters, including bus voltage stability, EV charging load profiles, electricity cost profiles, state-of-charge (SOC) dynamics, and the thermal performance of distribution transformers. Notably, total power losses are reduced by 13.7% and 21.6% in smart G2V and smart V2G modes, respectively, compared to dumb charging. Furthermore, the cumulative ageing factor of distribution transformers under smart V2G charging is reduced by 11.86%, indicating extended transformer lifespan. These findings demonstrate that solar-powered EV charging stations, coupled with advanced energy management strategies, can effectively mitigate grid impacts, enhance operational efficiency, and contribute to reducing net carbon emissions.
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spelling doaj-art-d2f6eb73a4e74a44bc550df6c9dfd3d42025-08-20T02:12:59ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-0115111910.1038/s41598-025-88758-yOptimal scheduling of solar powered EV charging stations in a radial distribution system using opposition-based competitive swarm optimizationIsha Chandra0Navneet Kumar Singh1Paulson Samuel2Mohit Bajaj3Arvind R. Singh4Ievgen Zaitsev5Department of Electrical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology AllahabadDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology AllahabadDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology AllahabadDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University)School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanjiang Normal UniversityDepartment of Theoretical Electrical Engineering and Diagnostics of Electrical Equipment, Institute of Electrodynamics, National Academy of Sciences of UkraineAbstract Solar-powered EV charging stations offer a sustainable and reliable alternative to traditional charging infrastructure, significantly alleviating stress on legacy grid systems. However, the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources poses a challenge for energy management in power distribution networks. To address this, optimal charge/discharge scheduling of EVs becomes crucial. This paper introduces an innovative Opposition-based Competitive Swarm Optimization (OCSO) technique to minimize the total charging cost of EVs in the IEEE 33-bus distribution system. Five strategically placed solar-powered charging stations on distinct buses are evaluated under three charging modes: dumb charging, smart grid-to-vehicle (G2V) charging, and smart vehicle-to-grid (V2G) charging. Comprehensive analyses are performed on critical parameters, including bus voltage stability, EV charging load profiles, electricity cost profiles, state-of-charge (SOC) dynamics, and the thermal performance of distribution transformers. Notably, total power losses are reduced by 13.7% and 21.6% in smart G2V and smart V2G modes, respectively, compared to dumb charging. Furthermore, the cumulative ageing factor of distribution transformers under smart V2G charging is reduced by 11.86%, indicating extended transformer lifespan. These findings demonstrate that solar-powered EV charging stations, coupled with advanced energy management strategies, can effectively mitigate grid impacts, enhance operational efficiency, and contribute to reducing net carbon emissions.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88758-yElectric vehiclesDistributed networksCost minimisationSmart chargingSolar-based charging station
spellingShingle Isha Chandra
Navneet Kumar Singh
Paulson Samuel
Mohit Bajaj
Arvind R. Singh
Ievgen Zaitsev
Optimal scheduling of solar powered EV charging stations in a radial distribution system using opposition-based competitive swarm optimization
Scientific Reports
Electric vehicles
Distributed networks
Cost minimisation
Smart charging
Solar-based charging station
title Optimal scheduling of solar powered EV charging stations in a radial distribution system using opposition-based competitive swarm optimization
title_full Optimal scheduling of solar powered EV charging stations in a radial distribution system using opposition-based competitive swarm optimization
title_fullStr Optimal scheduling of solar powered EV charging stations in a radial distribution system using opposition-based competitive swarm optimization
title_full_unstemmed Optimal scheduling of solar powered EV charging stations in a radial distribution system using opposition-based competitive swarm optimization
title_short Optimal scheduling of solar powered EV charging stations in a radial distribution system using opposition-based competitive swarm optimization
title_sort optimal scheduling of solar powered ev charging stations in a radial distribution system using opposition based competitive swarm optimization
topic Electric vehicles
Distributed networks
Cost minimisation
Smart charging
Solar-based charging station
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88758-y
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