Experimental Efficacy of an Alphavirus Vectored RNA Particle Vaccine Against Porcine Parainfluenza Virus-1 in Conventional Weaned Pigs
Parainfluenza viruses are a common cause of respiratory illness in many species. In this study, experimental, alphavirus-derived RNA particle vaccines either with or without adjuvant were evaluated against porcine parainfluenza virus 1 (PPIV1) challenge and compared to live virus exposure. Groups of...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-04-01
|
| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/4/565 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849714053858983936 |
|---|---|
| author | Michael Welch Karen Krueger Jianqiang Zhang Pablo Piñeyro Mark Mogler Erin Strait Phillip Gauger |
| author_facet | Michael Welch Karen Krueger Jianqiang Zhang Pablo Piñeyro Mark Mogler Erin Strait Phillip Gauger |
| author_sort | Michael Welch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Parainfluenza viruses are a common cause of respiratory illness in many species. In this study, experimental, alphavirus-derived RNA particle vaccines either with or without adjuvant were evaluated against porcine parainfluenza virus 1 (PPIV1) challenge and compared to live virus exposure. Groups of ten, three-week-old pigs were vaccinated intramuscularly with an adjuvanted RNA particle (RPAdj/C) or non-adjuvanted RP (RP/C) or administered an intranasal live exposure (LE/C) dose of PPIV1 at 0- and 21-days post vaccination (DPV) followed by challenge with PPIV1 at 40 DPV. In addition, two groups were included as non-vaccinated, non-challenged (NV/NC) and non-vaccinated, challenged (NV/C) controls. Intranasal virus exposure and RP vaccination, regardless of adjuvant, reduced PPIV1 shedding in nasal swabs by 5 days post inoculation (DPI). All vaccinated or exposed pigs seroconverted as shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and serum virus neutralization. The antibody isotype detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) LE/C was predominantly IgA while RP vaccination induced an IgG response. Reduced PPIV1 antigen was observed in the LE/C, RP/C and RPAdj/C groups in lung, trachea, or nasal turbinate epithelium. Additionally, the RPAdj vaccine significantly reduced nasal shedding compared to NV/C pigs although not as much as LE/C pigs. These results suggest vaccination could mitigate PPIV1 infection in commercial systems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d2f4ed87146c4c85b2fd2f42b0c0b2ee |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj-art-d2f4ed87146c4c85b2fd2f42b0c0b2ee2025-08-20T03:13:48ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-04-0117456510.3390/v17040565Experimental Efficacy of an Alphavirus Vectored RNA Particle Vaccine Against Porcine Parainfluenza Virus-1 in Conventional Weaned PigsMichael Welch0Karen Krueger1Jianqiang Zhang2Pablo Piñeyro3Mark Mogler4Erin Strait5Phillip Gauger6Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USADepartment of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USADepartment of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USADepartment of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USAMerck Animal Health, 1102 Southern Hills Dr #101, Ames, IA 50010, USAMerck Animal Health, 1102 Southern Hills Dr #101, Ames, IA 50010, USADepartment of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USAParainfluenza viruses are a common cause of respiratory illness in many species. In this study, experimental, alphavirus-derived RNA particle vaccines either with or without adjuvant were evaluated against porcine parainfluenza virus 1 (PPIV1) challenge and compared to live virus exposure. Groups of ten, three-week-old pigs were vaccinated intramuscularly with an adjuvanted RNA particle (RPAdj/C) or non-adjuvanted RP (RP/C) or administered an intranasal live exposure (LE/C) dose of PPIV1 at 0- and 21-days post vaccination (DPV) followed by challenge with PPIV1 at 40 DPV. In addition, two groups were included as non-vaccinated, non-challenged (NV/NC) and non-vaccinated, challenged (NV/C) controls. Intranasal virus exposure and RP vaccination, regardless of adjuvant, reduced PPIV1 shedding in nasal swabs by 5 days post inoculation (DPI). All vaccinated or exposed pigs seroconverted as shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and serum virus neutralization. The antibody isotype detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) LE/C was predominantly IgA while RP vaccination induced an IgG response. Reduced PPIV1 antigen was observed in the LE/C, RP/C and RPAdj/C groups in lung, trachea, or nasal turbinate epithelium. Additionally, the RPAdj vaccine significantly reduced nasal shedding compared to NV/C pigs although not as much as LE/C pigs. These results suggest vaccination could mitigate PPIV1 infection in commercial systems.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/4/565challengelive exposureparainfluenzaporcine respirovirus 1nurseryrespiratory |
| spellingShingle | Michael Welch Karen Krueger Jianqiang Zhang Pablo Piñeyro Mark Mogler Erin Strait Phillip Gauger Experimental Efficacy of an Alphavirus Vectored RNA Particle Vaccine Against Porcine Parainfluenza Virus-1 in Conventional Weaned Pigs Viruses challenge live exposure parainfluenza porcine respirovirus 1 nursery respiratory |
| title | Experimental Efficacy of an Alphavirus Vectored RNA Particle Vaccine Against Porcine Parainfluenza Virus-1 in Conventional Weaned Pigs |
| title_full | Experimental Efficacy of an Alphavirus Vectored RNA Particle Vaccine Against Porcine Parainfluenza Virus-1 in Conventional Weaned Pigs |
| title_fullStr | Experimental Efficacy of an Alphavirus Vectored RNA Particle Vaccine Against Porcine Parainfluenza Virus-1 in Conventional Weaned Pigs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Efficacy of an Alphavirus Vectored RNA Particle Vaccine Against Porcine Parainfluenza Virus-1 in Conventional Weaned Pigs |
| title_short | Experimental Efficacy of an Alphavirus Vectored RNA Particle Vaccine Against Porcine Parainfluenza Virus-1 in Conventional Weaned Pigs |
| title_sort | experimental efficacy of an alphavirus vectored rna particle vaccine against porcine parainfluenza virus 1 in conventional weaned pigs |
| topic | challenge live exposure parainfluenza porcine respirovirus 1 nursery respiratory |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/4/565 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT michaelwelch experimentalefficacyofanalphavirusvectoredrnaparticlevaccineagainstporcineparainfluenzavirus1inconventionalweanedpigs AT karenkrueger experimentalefficacyofanalphavirusvectoredrnaparticlevaccineagainstporcineparainfluenzavirus1inconventionalweanedpigs AT jianqiangzhang experimentalefficacyofanalphavirusvectoredrnaparticlevaccineagainstporcineparainfluenzavirus1inconventionalweanedpigs AT pablopineyro experimentalefficacyofanalphavirusvectoredrnaparticlevaccineagainstporcineparainfluenzavirus1inconventionalweanedpigs AT markmogler experimentalefficacyofanalphavirusvectoredrnaparticlevaccineagainstporcineparainfluenzavirus1inconventionalweanedpigs AT erinstrait experimentalefficacyofanalphavirusvectoredrnaparticlevaccineagainstporcineparainfluenzavirus1inconventionalweanedpigs AT phillipgauger experimentalefficacyofanalphavirusvectoredrnaparticlevaccineagainstporcineparainfluenzavirus1inconventionalweanedpigs |