Analysis of Transcriptional and Metabolic Differences in the Petal Color Change Response to High-Temperature Stress in Various Chrysanthemum Genotypes

Flower color is one of the most important ornamental traits of chrysanthemums. Previous studies have shown that high temperatures can cause the petals of some chrysanthemum varieties to fade; however, the molecular mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain poorly understood. This study examines the m...

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Main Authors: Zhimei Li, Hougao Zhou, Yan Chen, Minyi Chen, Yutong Yao, Honghui Luo, Qing Wu, Fenglan Wang, Yiwei Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Agronomy
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/12/2863
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author Zhimei Li
Hougao Zhou
Yan Chen
Minyi Chen
Yutong Yao
Honghui Luo
Qing Wu
Fenglan Wang
Yiwei Zhou
author_facet Zhimei Li
Hougao Zhou
Yan Chen
Minyi Chen
Yutong Yao
Honghui Luo
Qing Wu
Fenglan Wang
Yiwei Zhou
author_sort Zhimei Li
collection DOAJ
description Flower color is one of the most important ornamental traits of chrysanthemums. Previous studies have shown that high temperatures can cause the petals of some chrysanthemum varieties to fade; however, the molecular mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain poorly understood. This study examines the mechanisms of color change in purple chrysanthemums under high-temperature stress using combined metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses. Four chrysanthemum varieties—two heat-stable (‘Zi Feng Che’ and ‘Chrystal Regal’) and two heat-sensitive (‘Zi Hong Tuo Gui’ and ‘Zi Lian’)—were analyzed. High-temperature conditions (35 °C) significantly downregulated key anthocyanins in heat-sensitive varieties, particularly cyanidin-3-<i>O</i>-(3″,6″-<i>O</i>-dimalonyl)glucoside and pelargonidin-3-<i>O</i>-(3″,6″-<i>O</i>-dimalonyl)glucoside. Transcriptome analysis revealed differential gene expression involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and degradation, with significant enrichment in the MAPK signaling, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways. The study highlighted the differential expression of <i>CHS</i>, <i>DFR</i>, <i>ANS</i>, <i>GT1</i>, <i>3AT</i>, and <i>UGT75C1</i> genes in anthocyanin synthesis between heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant varieties. Compared to heat-stable varieties, the petals of heat-sensitive varieties exhibited greater differential expression of heat-responsive transcription factors, including <i>HSFs</i>, <i>ERFs</i>, <i>MYBs</i>, and <i>WRKYs</i>. Genes that show a significant negative correlation with the downregulated anthocyanins, including Cse_sc012959.1_g030.1 (<i>βG</i>), Cse_sc001798.1_g020.1 (<i>MYB</i>), Cse_sc006944.1_g010.1 (<i>MYB</i>), and Cse_sc000572.1_g090.1 (<i>HSF</i>), might regulate anthocyanin accumulation in chrysanthemums in response to high-temperature stress. These results provide guidance for the cultivation management and variety selection of chrysanthemums under high-temperature conditions. Additionally, they lay the foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of flower color stability under heat stress and for breeding new heat-tolerant varieties.
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spelling doaj-art-d2efeab84e5848a1b04dad199db1f0c72025-08-20T02:50:56ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-11-011412286310.3390/agronomy14122863Analysis of Transcriptional and Metabolic Differences in the Petal Color Change Response to High-Temperature Stress in Various Chrysanthemum GenotypesZhimei Li0Hougao Zhou1Yan Chen2Minyi Chen3Yutong Yao4Honghui Luo5Qing Wu6Fenglan Wang7Yiwei Zhou8College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, ChinaRenshan Tianyuan (Guangdong) Agriculture Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Yunfu 527329, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaFlower color is one of the most important ornamental traits of chrysanthemums. Previous studies have shown that high temperatures can cause the petals of some chrysanthemum varieties to fade; however, the molecular mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain poorly understood. This study examines the mechanisms of color change in purple chrysanthemums under high-temperature stress using combined metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses. Four chrysanthemum varieties—two heat-stable (‘Zi Feng Che’ and ‘Chrystal Regal’) and two heat-sensitive (‘Zi Hong Tuo Gui’ and ‘Zi Lian’)—were analyzed. High-temperature conditions (35 °C) significantly downregulated key anthocyanins in heat-sensitive varieties, particularly cyanidin-3-<i>O</i>-(3″,6″-<i>O</i>-dimalonyl)glucoside and pelargonidin-3-<i>O</i>-(3″,6″-<i>O</i>-dimalonyl)glucoside. Transcriptome analysis revealed differential gene expression involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and degradation, with significant enrichment in the MAPK signaling, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways. The study highlighted the differential expression of <i>CHS</i>, <i>DFR</i>, <i>ANS</i>, <i>GT1</i>, <i>3AT</i>, and <i>UGT75C1</i> genes in anthocyanin synthesis between heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant varieties. Compared to heat-stable varieties, the petals of heat-sensitive varieties exhibited greater differential expression of heat-responsive transcription factors, including <i>HSFs</i>, <i>ERFs</i>, <i>MYBs</i>, and <i>WRKYs</i>. Genes that show a significant negative correlation with the downregulated anthocyanins, including Cse_sc012959.1_g030.1 (<i>βG</i>), Cse_sc001798.1_g020.1 (<i>MYB</i>), Cse_sc006944.1_g010.1 (<i>MYB</i>), and Cse_sc000572.1_g090.1 (<i>HSF</i>), might regulate anthocyanin accumulation in chrysanthemums in response to high-temperature stress. These results provide guidance for the cultivation management and variety selection of chrysanthemums under high-temperature conditions. Additionally, they lay the foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of flower color stability under heat stress and for breeding new heat-tolerant varieties.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/12/2863chrysanthemumhigh temperatureanthocyaninflower colortranscriptome
spellingShingle Zhimei Li
Hougao Zhou
Yan Chen
Minyi Chen
Yutong Yao
Honghui Luo
Qing Wu
Fenglan Wang
Yiwei Zhou
Analysis of Transcriptional and Metabolic Differences in the Petal Color Change Response to High-Temperature Stress in Various Chrysanthemum Genotypes
Agronomy
chrysanthemum
high temperature
anthocyanin
flower color
transcriptome
title Analysis of Transcriptional and Metabolic Differences in the Petal Color Change Response to High-Temperature Stress in Various Chrysanthemum Genotypes
title_full Analysis of Transcriptional and Metabolic Differences in the Petal Color Change Response to High-Temperature Stress in Various Chrysanthemum Genotypes
title_fullStr Analysis of Transcriptional and Metabolic Differences in the Petal Color Change Response to High-Temperature Stress in Various Chrysanthemum Genotypes
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of Transcriptional and Metabolic Differences in the Petal Color Change Response to High-Temperature Stress in Various Chrysanthemum Genotypes
title_short Analysis of Transcriptional and Metabolic Differences in the Petal Color Change Response to High-Temperature Stress in Various Chrysanthemum Genotypes
title_sort analysis of transcriptional and metabolic differences in the petal color change response to high temperature stress in various chrysanthemum genotypes
topic chrysanthemum
high temperature
anthocyanin
flower color
transcriptome
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/12/2863
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