Adaptation and validation of the Chinese versions of the childhood perceived poverty and wealth questionnaire(C‑CPPWQ) and the childhood perceived unpredictability questionnaire (C‑CPUQ)

Abstract Background Childhood subjective socioeconomic status (operational definition of harshness) and unpredictability significantly influence life history strategies and subsequent psychological and behavioral patterns. Existing research on Chinese populations has been limited by inconsistent met...

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Main Authors: Yinqing Fan, Chenyu Yuan, Ge Song, Zhen Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:BMC Psychology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02518-1
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author Yinqing Fan
Chenyu Yuan
Ge Song
Zhen Wang
author_facet Yinqing Fan
Chenyu Yuan
Ge Song
Zhen Wang
author_sort Yinqing Fan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Childhood subjective socioeconomic status (operational definition of harshness) and unpredictability significantly influence life history strategies and subsequent psychological and behavioral patterns. Existing research on Chinese populations has been limited by inconsistent metrics and inadequate measurement items. This study aimed to adapt and validate the Chinese versions of the Childhood Perceived Poverty and Wealth Questionnaire (C-CPPWQ) and the Childhood Perceived Unpredictability Questionnaire (C-CPUQ), addressing cultural differences and expanding measurement subjects. Methods We conducted Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with 493 students and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with 1217 students to validate the factor structures. Concurrent validity was assessed using correlations with life history strategies (Mini-K) and childhood trauma (CTQ-SF) and reliability were also evaluated. Results The C-CPPWQ’s two-factor model (perceived wealth and perceived poverty) demonstrated good fit (CFI = 0.95; TLI = 0.94; SRMR = 0.05; RMSEA = 0.08) and strong internal consistency (alpha = 0.90), with significant correlations with Mini-K (r = -0.28, p < 0.001) and childhood trauma (r = 0.29, p < 0.001). The C-CPUQ’s three-factor model (Unpredictability of Parenting, Unpredictability of External Environment, and Unpredictability of Daily Happening) also showed a good fit (CFI = 0.96; TLI = 0.95; SRMR = 0.04; RMSEA = 0.07) and high reliability (alpha = 0.95), with significant correlations with Mini-K (r = -0.39, p < 0.001) and childhood trauma (r = 0.72, p < 0.001). Conclusions The newly adapted 14-item C-CPPWQ and 16-item C-CPUQ for Chinese contexts exhibit satisfactory psychometric properties, making them valuable tools for researching and evaluating childhood adversity.
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spelling doaj-art-d2eba98f7abb4a1b906e1aa81a45a3522025-08-20T02:54:39ZengBMCBMC Psychology2050-72832025-02-0113111110.1186/s40359-025-02518-1Adaptation and validation of the Chinese versions of the childhood perceived poverty and wealth questionnaire(C‑CPPWQ) and the childhood perceived unpredictability questionnaire (C‑CPUQ)Yinqing Fan0Chenyu Yuan1Ge Song2Zhen Wang3School of Psychology, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Psychology, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Psychology, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Psychology, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineAbstract Background Childhood subjective socioeconomic status (operational definition of harshness) and unpredictability significantly influence life history strategies and subsequent psychological and behavioral patterns. Existing research on Chinese populations has been limited by inconsistent metrics and inadequate measurement items. This study aimed to adapt and validate the Chinese versions of the Childhood Perceived Poverty and Wealth Questionnaire (C-CPPWQ) and the Childhood Perceived Unpredictability Questionnaire (C-CPUQ), addressing cultural differences and expanding measurement subjects. Methods We conducted Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with 493 students and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with 1217 students to validate the factor structures. Concurrent validity was assessed using correlations with life history strategies (Mini-K) and childhood trauma (CTQ-SF) and reliability were also evaluated. Results The C-CPPWQ’s two-factor model (perceived wealth and perceived poverty) demonstrated good fit (CFI = 0.95; TLI = 0.94; SRMR = 0.05; RMSEA = 0.08) and strong internal consistency (alpha = 0.90), with significant correlations with Mini-K (r = -0.28, p < 0.001) and childhood trauma (r = 0.29, p < 0.001). The C-CPUQ’s three-factor model (Unpredictability of Parenting, Unpredictability of External Environment, and Unpredictability of Daily Happening) also showed a good fit (CFI = 0.96; TLI = 0.95; SRMR = 0.04; RMSEA = 0.07) and high reliability (alpha = 0.95), with significant correlations with Mini-K (r = -0.39, p < 0.001) and childhood trauma (r = 0.72, p < 0.001). Conclusions The newly adapted 14-item C-CPPWQ and 16-item C-CPUQ for Chinese contexts exhibit satisfactory psychometric properties, making them valuable tools for researching and evaluating childhood adversity.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02518-1Childhood perceived wealth and povertyChildhood perceived unpredictabilityChildhood harshnessFactor analysisValidityPsychometrics
spellingShingle Yinqing Fan
Chenyu Yuan
Ge Song
Zhen Wang
Adaptation and validation of the Chinese versions of the childhood perceived poverty and wealth questionnaire(C‑CPPWQ) and the childhood perceived unpredictability questionnaire (C‑CPUQ)
BMC Psychology
Childhood perceived wealth and poverty
Childhood perceived unpredictability
Childhood harshness
Factor analysis
Validity
Psychometrics
title Adaptation and validation of the Chinese versions of the childhood perceived poverty and wealth questionnaire(C‑CPPWQ) and the childhood perceived unpredictability questionnaire (C‑CPUQ)
title_full Adaptation and validation of the Chinese versions of the childhood perceived poverty and wealth questionnaire(C‑CPPWQ) and the childhood perceived unpredictability questionnaire (C‑CPUQ)
title_fullStr Adaptation and validation of the Chinese versions of the childhood perceived poverty and wealth questionnaire(C‑CPPWQ) and the childhood perceived unpredictability questionnaire (C‑CPUQ)
title_full_unstemmed Adaptation and validation of the Chinese versions of the childhood perceived poverty and wealth questionnaire(C‑CPPWQ) and the childhood perceived unpredictability questionnaire (C‑CPUQ)
title_short Adaptation and validation of the Chinese versions of the childhood perceived poverty and wealth questionnaire(C‑CPPWQ) and the childhood perceived unpredictability questionnaire (C‑CPUQ)
title_sort adaptation and validation of the chinese versions of the childhood perceived poverty and wealth questionnaire c cppwq and the childhood perceived unpredictability questionnaire c cpuq
topic Childhood perceived wealth and poverty
Childhood perceived unpredictability
Childhood harshness
Factor analysis
Validity
Psychometrics
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02518-1
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