Immunological and inflammatory responses in the kidneys in experimental acanthamoebiasis
ABSTRACT The pathomechanisms of Acanthamoeba spp. infection are still poorly understood. The aim of the study was to determine the expression of the NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2, commonly known as cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2), and var...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
American Society for Microbiology
2025-08-01
|
| Series: | Microbiology Spectrum |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.00243-25 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849240033949646848 |
|---|---|
| author | Karolina Kot Patrycja Tomasiak Maciej Tarnowski Danuta Kosik-Bogacka Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk |
| author_facet | Karolina Kot Patrycja Tomasiak Maciej Tarnowski Danuta Kosik-Bogacka Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk |
| author_sort | Karolina Kot |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT The pathomechanisms of Acanthamoeba spp. infection are still poorly understood. The aim of the study was to determine the expression of the NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2, commonly known as cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2), and various cytokines in the kidneys of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice infected with Acanthamoeba sp. (T16 genotype). The proteins were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. In immunocompetent mice, we observed increased mRNA levels of interferon gamma (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), PTGS2/COX-2, and interleukin (IL)-17A at the beginning of infection. While in the late stages, we found decreased levels of NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-23, IFNγ, TNFα, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) in the kidneys of infected hosts compared to uninfected ones. In immunosuppressed mice, we noted higher expressions of NLRP3, PTGS2/COX-2, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-21, IFNγ, TNFα, and MIP-2, and lower expression of IL-18 in the infected mice compared to the control group. The basic understanding of the immune response during Acanthamoeba sp. infection is critical to improving clinical outcomes and also has significant implications for developing therapeutic interventions. Here, we have reported the inflammatory responses in the kidneys infected with Acanthamoeba sp. However, additional studies are needed to understand the specific beneficial and detrimental roles of the cytokine response.IMPORTANCEAcanthamoeba spp. are significant biological factors and can cause rare infections characterized by high mortality and difficulty with treatment. One of the reasons Acanthamoeba spp. persist so effectively in the body is a lack of knowledge about the pathomechanisms and pathophysiology of infections. Recent studies showed that Acanthamoeba spp. can also infect the kidneys in the hosts, being an important cause of medical complications. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which Acanthamoeba spp. cause kidney injury could lead to more effective treatments for systemic acanthamoebiasis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d2eae38691bf413986503f62eb77e1df |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2165-0497 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microbiology Spectrum |
| spelling | doaj-art-d2eae38691bf413986503f62eb77e1df2025-08-20T04:00:44ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologyMicrobiology Spectrum2165-04972025-08-0113810.1128/spectrum.00243-25Immunological and inflammatory responses in the kidneys in experimental acanthamoebiasisKarolina Kot0Patrycja Tomasiak1Maciej Tarnowski2Danuta Kosik-Bogacka3Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk4Department of Biology, Parasitology, and Pharmaceutical Botany, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, PolandInstitute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Physiology in Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Biology, Parasitology, and Pharmaceutical Botany, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Biology, Parasitology, and Pharmaceutical Botany, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, PolandABSTRACT The pathomechanisms of Acanthamoeba spp. infection are still poorly understood. The aim of the study was to determine the expression of the NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2, commonly known as cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2), and various cytokines in the kidneys of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice infected with Acanthamoeba sp. (T16 genotype). The proteins were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. In immunocompetent mice, we observed increased mRNA levels of interferon gamma (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), PTGS2/COX-2, and interleukin (IL)-17A at the beginning of infection. While in the late stages, we found decreased levels of NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-23, IFNγ, TNFα, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) in the kidneys of infected hosts compared to uninfected ones. In immunosuppressed mice, we noted higher expressions of NLRP3, PTGS2/COX-2, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-21, IFNγ, TNFα, and MIP-2, and lower expression of IL-18 in the infected mice compared to the control group. The basic understanding of the immune response during Acanthamoeba sp. infection is critical to improving clinical outcomes and also has significant implications for developing therapeutic interventions. Here, we have reported the inflammatory responses in the kidneys infected with Acanthamoeba sp. However, additional studies are needed to understand the specific beneficial and detrimental roles of the cytokine response.IMPORTANCEAcanthamoeba spp. are significant biological factors and can cause rare infections characterized by high mortality and difficulty with treatment. One of the reasons Acanthamoeba spp. persist so effectively in the body is a lack of knowledge about the pathomechanisms and pathophysiology of infections. Recent studies showed that Acanthamoeba spp. can also infect the kidneys in the hosts, being an important cause of medical complications. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which Acanthamoeba spp. cause kidney injury could lead to more effective treatments for systemic acanthamoebiasis.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.00243-25Acanthamoeba sp.COX-2cytokinesimmunological statuskidneysNLRP3 |
| spellingShingle | Karolina Kot Patrycja Tomasiak Maciej Tarnowski Danuta Kosik-Bogacka Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk Immunological and inflammatory responses in the kidneys in experimental acanthamoebiasis Microbiology Spectrum Acanthamoeba sp. COX-2 cytokines immunological status kidneys NLRP3 |
| title | Immunological and inflammatory responses in the kidneys in experimental acanthamoebiasis |
| title_full | Immunological and inflammatory responses in the kidneys in experimental acanthamoebiasis |
| title_fullStr | Immunological and inflammatory responses in the kidneys in experimental acanthamoebiasis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunological and inflammatory responses in the kidneys in experimental acanthamoebiasis |
| title_short | Immunological and inflammatory responses in the kidneys in experimental acanthamoebiasis |
| title_sort | immunological and inflammatory responses in the kidneys in experimental acanthamoebiasis |
| topic | Acanthamoeba sp. COX-2 cytokines immunological status kidneys NLRP3 |
| url | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.00243-25 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT karolinakot immunologicalandinflammatoryresponsesinthekidneysinexperimentalacanthamoebiasis AT patrycjatomasiak immunologicalandinflammatoryresponsesinthekidneysinexperimentalacanthamoebiasis AT maciejtarnowski immunologicalandinflammatoryresponsesinthekidneysinexperimentalacanthamoebiasis AT danutakosikbogacka immunologicalandinflammatoryresponsesinthekidneysinexperimentalacanthamoebiasis AT nataliałanochaarendarczyk immunologicalandinflammatoryresponsesinthekidneysinexperimentalacanthamoebiasis |