Comparative assessment of respiratory, hematological and inflammatory profiles of long-term users of cigarettes, shisha, and e-cigarettes in Saudi Arabia

Comparative assessment of respiratory, hematological and inflammatory profiles of long-term users of cigarettes, shisha, and e-cigarettes in Saudi Arabia

Introduction Globally, over 1 billion people smoke, resulting in approximately 8 million deaths each year. Although the health risks associated with traditional cigarettes are extensively documented, there is an increasing need to evaluate the long-term effects of alternative tobacco products, parti...

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Main Authors: Mazen M. Homoud, Rowaida Qoutah, Gokul Krishna, Noran Harbli, Layan Saaty, Afrah Obaidan, Abdulrahman Alkhathami, Noran Jamil, Tala Μ. Alkayyat, Maryam Alsughayyir, Nada Gubari, Saleh Alkhathami, Ali Alqarni, Omar Alqurashi, Khalid Assiri, Khalid Saeed Alwadeai, Wafaa Abdulrahman, Husam Alahmadi, Ayedh Alahmari
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: European Publishing 2025-05-01
Series:Tobacco Induced Diseases
Subjects:
cigarettes
shisha
e-cigarettes
hematology
pft
Online Access:https://www.tobaccoinduceddiseases.org/Comparative-assessment-of-respiratory-hematological-and-inflammatory-profiles-of,202350,0,2.html
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