Analysis of the structure and characteristics of bioglass–iron oxide composite layers on Ti-6Al-4V alloy via electrophoretic deposition
This study investigates the structural and functional properties of bioglass–iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) composite layers deposited on Ti-6Al-4V substrates via electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Suspensions with varying Fe₃O₄ contents (10, 15, 25, and 50 wt %) were prepared to identify the optimal composition...
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Elsevier
2025-10-01
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| Series: | Composites Part C: Open Access |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666682025000829 |
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| author | Zahra Sohani Hamed Jamshidi Aval Sayed Mahmood Rabiee |
| author_facet | Zahra Sohani Hamed Jamshidi Aval Sayed Mahmood Rabiee |
| author_sort | Zahra Sohani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigates the structural and functional properties of bioglass–iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) composite layers deposited on Ti-6Al-4V substrates via electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Suspensions with varying Fe₃O₄ contents (10, 15, 25, and 50 wt %) were prepared to identify the optimal composition. SEM and elemental mapping revealed that the B90-F10 sample (90 % bioglass, 10 % Fe₃O₄) produced a more uniform and denser coating compared to other compositions, while minimizing porosity and crack formation. The Vickers microhardness of the B90-F10 coating reached 321.3 ± 3.4 HV, higher than that of the pure bioglass coating B100-F0 (295.1 ± 2.3 HV). Surface roughness measurements showed that B90-F10 had a lower average roughness (0.82 ± 0.41 µm) than B100-F0 (2.10 ± 0.46 µm), indicating a smoother, more compact surface. The mean coating thickness for B90-F10 was 148.32 ± 0.02 µm, slightly greater than B100-F0 (140.01 ± 0.01 µm). Contact angle tests confirmed improved hydrophilicity, with B90-F10 showing a reduced contact angle (22.56°) compared to the uncoated substrate (55.16°). Electrochemical tests revealed that although coatings slightly reduced corrosion resistance compared to bare alloy due to residual porosity, the addition of Fe₃O₄ significantly increased charge transfer resistance, indicating better barrier performance than pure bioglass coatings. In vitro bioactivity tests confirmed enhanced formation of hydroxyapatite layers, critical for osseointegration. These findings highlight the coatings’ capacity to augment implant performance by improving mechanical durability, surface characteristics, and bioactivity, thus offering a valuable functional enhancement beyond the untreated substrate. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d2d6ac3a6b07416eb544037818d5cc2e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-6820 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Composites Part C: Open Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-d2d6ac3a6b07416eb544037818d5cc2e2025-08-23T04:49:16ZengElsevierComposites Part C: Open Access2666-68202025-10-011810063910.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100639Analysis of the structure and characteristics of bioglass–iron oxide composite layers on Ti-6Al-4V alloy via electrophoretic depositionZahra Sohani0Hamed Jamshidi Aval1Sayed Mahmood Rabiee2Department of Materials Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Shariati Avenue, Babol, 47148-71167, IranCorresponding author.; Department of Materials Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Shariati Avenue, Babol, 47148-71167, IranDepartment of Materials Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Shariati Avenue, Babol, 47148-71167, IranThis study investigates the structural and functional properties of bioglass–iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) composite layers deposited on Ti-6Al-4V substrates via electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Suspensions with varying Fe₃O₄ contents (10, 15, 25, and 50 wt %) were prepared to identify the optimal composition. SEM and elemental mapping revealed that the B90-F10 sample (90 % bioglass, 10 % Fe₃O₄) produced a more uniform and denser coating compared to other compositions, while minimizing porosity and crack formation. The Vickers microhardness of the B90-F10 coating reached 321.3 ± 3.4 HV, higher than that of the pure bioglass coating B100-F0 (295.1 ± 2.3 HV). Surface roughness measurements showed that B90-F10 had a lower average roughness (0.82 ± 0.41 µm) than B100-F0 (2.10 ± 0.46 µm), indicating a smoother, more compact surface. The mean coating thickness for B90-F10 was 148.32 ± 0.02 µm, slightly greater than B100-F0 (140.01 ± 0.01 µm). Contact angle tests confirmed improved hydrophilicity, with B90-F10 showing a reduced contact angle (22.56°) compared to the uncoated substrate (55.16°). Electrochemical tests revealed that although coatings slightly reduced corrosion resistance compared to bare alloy due to residual porosity, the addition of Fe₃O₄ significantly increased charge transfer resistance, indicating better barrier performance than pure bioglass coatings. In vitro bioactivity tests confirmed enhanced formation of hydroxyapatite layers, critical for osseointegration. These findings highlight the coatings’ capacity to augment implant performance by improving mechanical durability, surface characteristics, and bioactivity, thus offering a valuable functional enhancement beyond the untreated substrate.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666682025000829Electrophoretic coatingBioactive glass–iron oxide composite coatingsTitanium alloySurface characteristics |
| spellingShingle | Zahra Sohani Hamed Jamshidi Aval Sayed Mahmood Rabiee Analysis of the structure and characteristics of bioglass–iron oxide composite layers on Ti-6Al-4V alloy via electrophoretic deposition Composites Part C: Open Access Electrophoretic coating Bioactive glass–iron oxide composite coatings Titanium alloy Surface characteristics |
| title | Analysis of the structure and characteristics of bioglass–iron oxide composite layers on Ti-6Al-4V alloy via electrophoretic deposition |
| title_full | Analysis of the structure and characteristics of bioglass–iron oxide composite layers on Ti-6Al-4V alloy via electrophoretic deposition |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of the structure and characteristics of bioglass–iron oxide composite layers on Ti-6Al-4V alloy via electrophoretic deposition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of the structure and characteristics of bioglass–iron oxide composite layers on Ti-6Al-4V alloy via electrophoretic deposition |
| title_short | Analysis of the structure and characteristics of bioglass–iron oxide composite layers on Ti-6Al-4V alloy via electrophoretic deposition |
| title_sort | analysis of the structure and characteristics of bioglass iron oxide composite layers on ti 6al 4v alloy via electrophoretic deposition |
| topic | Electrophoretic coating Bioactive glass–iron oxide composite coatings Titanium alloy Surface characteristics |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666682025000829 |
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