A Graphene-Based Bioactive Product with a Non-Immunological Impact on Mononuclear Cell Populations from Healthy Volunteers
We previously described GMC, a graphene-based nanomaterial obtained from carbon nanofibers (CNFs), to be biologically compatible and functional for therapeutic purposes. GMC can reduce triglycerides’ content in vitro and in vivo and has other potential bio-functional effects on systemic cells and th...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| author | María del Prado Lavín-López Mónica Torres-Torresano Eva María García-Cuesta Blanca Soler-Palacios Mercedes Griera Martín Martínez-Rovira José Antonio Martínez-Rovira Diego Rodríguez-Puyol Sergio de Frutos |
| author_facet | María del Prado Lavín-López Mónica Torres-Torresano Eva María García-Cuesta Blanca Soler-Palacios Mercedes Griera Martín Martínez-Rovira José Antonio Martínez-Rovira Diego Rodríguez-Puyol Sergio de Frutos |
| author_sort | María del Prado Lavín-López |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We previously described GMC, a graphene-based nanomaterial obtained from carbon nanofibers (CNFs), to be biologically compatible and functional for therapeutic purposes. GMC can reduce triglycerides’ content in vitro and in vivo and has other potential bio-functional effects on systemic cells and the potential utility to be used in living systems. Here, immunoreactivity was evaluated by adding GMC in suspension at the biologically functional concentrations, ranging from 10 to 60 µg/mL, for one or several days, to cultured lymphocytes (T, B, NK), either in basal or under stimulating conditions, and monocytes that were derived under culture conditions to pro-inflammatory (GM-MØ) or anti-inflammatory (M-MØ) macrophages. All stirpes were obtained from human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from anonymized healthy donors. The viability (necrosis, apoptosis) and immunological activity of each progeny was analyzed using either flow cytometry and/or other analytical determinations. A concentration of 10 to 60 µg/mL GMC did not affect lymphocytes’ viability, either in basal or active conditions, during one or more days of treatment. The viability and expression of the inflammatory interleukin IL-1β in the monocyte cell line THP-1 were not affected. Treatments with 10 or 20 µg/mL GMC on GM-MØ or M-MØ during or after their differentiation process promoted phagocytosis, but their viability and the release of the inflammatory marker activin A by GM-MØ were not affected. A concentration of 60 µg/mL GMC slightly increased macrophages’ death and activity in some culture conditions. The present work demonstrates that GMC is safe or has minimal immunological activity when used in suspension at low concentrations for pre-clinical or clinical settings. Its biocompatibility will depend on the dose, formulation or way of administration and opens up the possibility to consider GMC or other CNF-based biomaterials for innovative therapeutic strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d2cbcfc107314de89af64a2cfc98bba9 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-d2cbcfc107314de89af64a2cfc98bba92025-08-20T01:55:37ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912024-12-011423194510.3390/nano14231945A Graphene-Based Bioactive Product with a Non-Immunological Impact on Mononuclear Cell Populations from Healthy VolunteersMaría del Prado Lavín-López0Mónica Torres-Torresano1Eva María García-Cuesta2Blanca Soler-Palacios3Mercedes Griera4Martín Martínez-Rovira5José Antonio Martínez-Rovira6Diego Rodríguez-Puyol7Sergio de Frutos8Graphenano S.L., 30510 Yecla, SpainDepartment of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, SpainGraphenano S.L., 30510 Yecla, SpainGraphenano S.L., 30510 Yecla, SpainGraphenano S.L., 30510 Yecla, SpainDepartment of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, Nephrology Service at Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Systems Biology, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, SpainWe previously described GMC, a graphene-based nanomaterial obtained from carbon nanofibers (CNFs), to be biologically compatible and functional for therapeutic purposes. GMC can reduce triglycerides’ content in vitro and in vivo and has other potential bio-functional effects on systemic cells and the potential utility to be used in living systems. Here, immunoreactivity was evaluated by adding GMC in suspension at the biologically functional concentrations, ranging from 10 to 60 µg/mL, for one or several days, to cultured lymphocytes (T, B, NK), either in basal or under stimulating conditions, and monocytes that were derived under culture conditions to pro-inflammatory (GM-MØ) or anti-inflammatory (M-MØ) macrophages. All stirpes were obtained from human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from anonymized healthy donors. The viability (necrosis, apoptosis) and immunological activity of each progeny was analyzed using either flow cytometry and/or other analytical determinations. A concentration of 10 to 60 µg/mL GMC did not affect lymphocytes’ viability, either in basal or active conditions, during one or more days of treatment. The viability and expression of the inflammatory interleukin IL-1β in the monocyte cell line THP-1 were not affected. Treatments with 10 or 20 µg/mL GMC on GM-MØ or M-MØ during or after their differentiation process promoted phagocytosis, but their viability and the release of the inflammatory marker activin A by GM-MØ were not affected. A concentration of 60 µg/mL GMC slightly increased macrophages’ death and activity in some culture conditions. The present work demonstrates that GMC is safe or has minimal immunological activity when used in suspension at low concentrations for pre-clinical or clinical settings. Its biocompatibility will depend on the dose, formulation or way of administration and opens up the possibility to consider GMC or other CNF-based biomaterials for innovative therapeutic strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1945graphenecarbon nanofiberleucocyteslymphocytesnatural killersmonocytes |
| spellingShingle | María del Prado Lavín-López Mónica Torres-Torresano Eva María García-Cuesta Blanca Soler-Palacios Mercedes Griera Martín Martínez-Rovira José Antonio Martínez-Rovira Diego Rodríguez-Puyol Sergio de Frutos A Graphene-Based Bioactive Product with a Non-Immunological Impact on Mononuclear Cell Populations from Healthy Volunteers Nanomaterials graphene carbon nanofiber leucocytes lymphocytes natural killers monocytes |
| title | A Graphene-Based Bioactive Product with a Non-Immunological Impact on Mononuclear Cell Populations from Healthy Volunteers |
| title_full | A Graphene-Based Bioactive Product with a Non-Immunological Impact on Mononuclear Cell Populations from Healthy Volunteers |
| title_fullStr | A Graphene-Based Bioactive Product with a Non-Immunological Impact on Mononuclear Cell Populations from Healthy Volunteers |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Graphene-Based Bioactive Product with a Non-Immunological Impact on Mononuclear Cell Populations from Healthy Volunteers |
| title_short | A Graphene-Based Bioactive Product with a Non-Immunological Impact on Mononuclear Cell Populations from Healthy Volunteers |
| title_sort | graphene based bioactive product with a non immunological impact on mononuclear cell populations from healthy volunteers |
| topic | graphene carbon nanofiber leucocytes lymphocytes natural killers monocytes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1945 |
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