Anatomy of higher-order non-Hermitian skin and boundary modes

The anomalous bulk-boundary correspondence in non-Hermitian systems featuring an intricate interplay between skin and boundary modes has attracted enormous theoretical and experimental attention. Still, in dimensions higher than one, this interplay remains much less understood. Here we provide insig...

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Main Authors: Fan Yang, Emil J. Bergholtz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Physical Society 2025-06-01
Series:Physical Review Research
Online Access:http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023233
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author Fan Yang
Emil J. Bergholtz
author_facet Fan Yang
Emil J. Bergholtz
author_sort Fan Yang
collection DOAJ
description The anomalous bulk-boundary correspondence in non-Hermitian systems featuring an intricate interplay between skin and boundary modes has attracted enormous theoretical and experimental attention. Still, in dimensions higher than one, this interplay remains much less understood. Here we provide insights from exact analytical solutions of a large class of models in any dimension d, with open boundaries in d_{c}≤d directions, and by tracking their topological origin. Specifically, we show that amoeba theory accounting for the separation gaps of the bulk modes augmented with higher-dimensional generalizations of the biorthogonal polarization and the generalized Brillouin zone approaches accounting for the surface gaps of boundary modes provide a comprehensive understanding of these systems.
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spelling doaj-art-d2ca09095d074c649fd9ab30dcfacce22025-08-20T02:03:35ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPhysical Review Research2643-15642025-06-017202323310.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023233Anatomy of higher-order non-Hermitian skin and boundary modesFan YangEmil J. BergholtzThe anomalous bulk-boundary correspondence in non-Hermitian systems featuring an intricate interplay between skin and boundary modes has attracted enormous theoretical and experimental attention. Still, in dimensions higher than one, this interplay remains much less understood. Here we provide insights from exact analytical solutions of a large class of models in any dimension d, with open boundaries in d_{c}≤d directions, and by tracking their topological origin. Specifically, we show that amoeba theory accounting for the separation gaps of the bulk modes augmented with higher-dimensional generalizations of the biorthogonal polarization and the generalized Brillouin zone approaches accounting for the surface gaps of boundary modes provide a comprehensive understanding of these systems.http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023233
spellingShingle Fan Yang
Emil J. Bergholtz
Anatomy of higher-order non-Hermitian skin and boundary modes
Physical Review Research
title Anatomy of higher-order non-Hermitian skin and boundary modes
title_full Anatomy of higher-order non-Hermitian skin and boundary modes
title_fullStr Anatomy of higher-order non-Hermitian skin and boundary modes
title_full_unstemmed Anatomy of higher-order non-Hermitian skin and boundary modes
title_short Anatomy of higher-order non-Hermitian skin and boundary modes
title_sort anatomy of higher order non hermitian skin and boundary modes
url http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023233
work_keys_str_mv AT fanyang anatomyofhigherordernonhermitianskinandboundarymodes
AT emiljbergholtz anatomyofhigherordernonhermitianskinandboundarymodes