Enhancing Microwave Disinfection: Impact of Sodium Chloride on Microbial Inactivation

This study explores the role of sodium chloride (NaCl) in enhancing the efficiency of microbial inactivation using microwave energy with two distinct methods: temperature-controlled treatment and predefined cycle. The primary objective is to maintain a stable temperature within the biological sample...

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Main Authors: Saleh A. Alfawaz, Ibrahim N. Alquaydheb, Amirreza Ghadimi Avval, Sara Ghayouraneh, Samir M. El-Ghazaly, Jianhong Zhou, Yuchun Du
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2024-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10746397/
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author Saleh A. Alfawaz
Ibrahim N. Alquaydheb
Amirreza Ghadimi Avval
Sara Ghayouraneh
Samir M. El-Ghazaly
Jianhong Zhou
Yuchun Du
author_facet Saleh A. Alfawaz
Ibrahim N. Alquaydheb
Amirreza Ghadimi Avval
Sara Ghayouraneh
Samir M. El-Ghazaly
Jianhong Zhou
Yuchun Du
author_sort Saleh A. Alfawaz
collection DOAJ
description This study explores the role of sodium chloride (NaCl) in enhancing the efficiency of microbial inactivation using microwave energy with two distinct methods: temperature-controlled treatment and predefined cycle. The primary objective is to maintain a stable temperature within the biological samples during treatment. Detailed descriptions of the treatment system’s design and the function of each element are provided. Simulations are conducted to illustrate the heating behavior of liquids with and without NaCl, revealing significant differences in temperature profiles between the two media. The experimental design and the objective behind each iteration are discussed. The experimental design includes three different power levels to assess their impact on disinfection rates, with durations determined based on extensive preliminary experiments to identify the most effective combinations for microorganism elimination. The experiments aim to compare the efficiency of the temperature-controlled method and the predefined cycle in maintaining desired temperature ranges and enhancing microbial inactivation. A key aspect of the study is the significance of exposure time in temperature-controlled runs. It is observed that exposure time critically influences the inactivation performance, necessitating the design of predefined cycles to achieve more consistent and efficient microbial inactivation. Additionally, in this investigation, the system effectively disinfects three types of microorganisms: bacteria, viruses, and yeasts. The study also examines treatments across three different media to understand the influence of NaCl presence on microbial inactivation efficiency. These insights emphasize the critical importance of optimizing exposure time and incorporating NaCl in microwave-based disinfection processes to achieve more effective microbial inactivation.
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spelling doaj-art-d2bed71763914aae924ed330c469efeb2025-08-20T01:53:36ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362024-01-011217013517014710.1109/ACCESS.2024.349375610746397Enhancing Microwave Disinfection: Impact of Sodium Chloride on Microbial InactivationSaleh A. Alfawaz0https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2082-1303Ibrahim N. Alquaydheb1https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1554-726XAmirreza Ghadimi Avval2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4963-4437Sara Ghayouraneh3Samir M. El-Ghazaly4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-2377Jianhong Zhou5Yuchun Du6Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USADepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USADepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USADepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USADepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USAThis study explores the role of sodium chloride (NaCl) in enhancing the efficiency of microbial inactivation using microwave energy with two distinct methods: temperature-controlled treatment and predefined cycle. The primary objective is to maintain a stable temperature within the biological samples during treatment. Detailed descriptions of the treatment system’s design and the function of each element are provided. Simulations are conducted to illustrate the heating behavior of liquids with and without NaCl, revealing significant differences in temperature profiles between the two media. The experimental design and the objective behind each iteration are discussed. The experimental design includes three different power levels to assess their impact on disinfection rates, with durations determined based on extensive preliminary experiments to identify the most effective combinations for microorganism elimination. The experiments aim to compare the efficiency of the temperature-controlled method and the predefined cycle in maintaining desired temperature ranges and enhancing microbial inactivation. A key aspect of the study is the significance of exposure time in temperature-controlled runs. It is observed that exposure time critically influences the inactivation performance, necessitating the design of predefined cycles to achieve more consistent and efficient microbial inactivation. Additionally, in this investigation, the system effectively disinfects three types of microorganisms: bacteria, viruses, and yeasts. The study also examines treatments across three different media to understand the influence of NaCl presence on microbial inactivation efficiency. These insights emphasize the critical importance of optimizing exposure time and incorporating NaCl in microwave-based disinfection processes to achieve more effective microbial inactivation.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10746397/Microwave disinfectionsodium chloridesolid statemicrowave generatormicrowave heatingsterilization
spellingShingle Saleh A. Alfawaz
Ibrahim N. Alquaydheb
Amirreza Ghadimi Avval
Sara Ghayouraneh
Samir M. El-Ghazaly
Jianhong Zhou
Yuchun Du
Enhancing Microwave Disinfection: Impact of Sodium Chloride on Microbial Inactivation
IEEE Access
Microwave disinfection
sodium chloride
solid state
microwave generator
microwave heating
sterilization
title Enhancing Microwave Disinfection: Impact of Sodium Chloride on Microbial Inactivation
title_full Enhancing Microwave Disinfection: Impact of Sodium Chloride on Microbial Inactivation
title_fullStr Enhancing Microwave Disinfection: Impact of Sodium Chloride on Microbial Inactivation
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing Microwave Disinfection: Impact of Sodium Chloride on Microbial Inactivation
title_short Enhancing Microwave Disinfection: Impact of Sodium Chloride on Microbial Inactivation
title_sort enhancing microwave disinfection impact of sodium chloride on microbial inactivation
topic Microwave disinfection
sodium chloride
solid state
microwave generator
microwave heating
sterilization
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10746397/
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AT saraghayouraneh enhancingmicrowavedisinfectionimpactofsodiumchlorideonmicrobialinactivation
AT samirmelghazaly enhancingmicrowavedisinfectionimpactofsodiumchlorideonmicrobialinactivation
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