The Quality of Functional Movements and the Back Squat in Amateur and Professional Bodybuilders
# Background It is important to assess the quality of fundamental movements, to discover deficits, evaluate mobility, balance, and stability, and identify movement dysfunction and asymmetries. However, little research has been performed on the assessment of fundamental movements with bodybuilders....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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North American Sports Medicine Institute
2024-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.124998 |
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| author | VERONIKA ILJINAITĖ LAIMONAS ŠIUPŠINSKAS KRISTINA BERŠKIENĖ |
| author_facet | VERONIKA ILJINAITĖ LAIMONAS ŠIUPŠINSKAS KRISTINA BERŠKIENĖ |
| author_sort | VERONIKA ILJINAITĖ |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | # Background
It is important to assess the quality of fundamental movements, to discover deficits, evaluate mobility, balance, and stability, and identify movement dysfunction and asymmetries. However, little research has been performed on the assessment of fundamental movements with bodybuilders.
# Purpose
The purpose of this research was to examine the quality of professional and amateur bodybuilders' functional movements and the quality of the back squat performance. A secondary purpose was to discern whether greater experience in bodybuilding was associated with better scores on the back squat assessement (BSA).
# Study design
Cross-Sectional Cohort
# Methods
Twenty-six athletes were recruited to participate. The group of professional bodybuilders consisted of five men and six women, a total of 11 athletes. The group of amateur bodybuilders consisted of seven men and eight women, a total of 15 athletes. The Functional Movement Screen™ (FMS™) was used to assess the seven included fundamental patterns that evaluate an individual's neuromuscular control, mobility, balance, and stability. The BSA was used to assess the quality of movement, dysfunction, deficit, or compensation during the squat exercise. Statistical analyses applied non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney U, and Friedman's) for dependent and independent samples, with significance set at p\<0.05, and the Spearman correlation coefficient and Chi-square test were used to assess relationships between quantitative and qualitative variables.
# Results
Overall, athletes with a higher total FMS™ score performed better on the BSA as well. The professional athletes scored 2.58 points higher than the amateurs on total FMS™ scores (p\<0.001).
Professional athletes scored better on the BSA than amateurs (p\<0.001). A statistically significant, positive moderate correlation was revealed between the FMS™ total score and the squat total score (r=0.68; p=0.005).
# Conclusions
A higher FMS™ score in bodybuilders is associated with a higher BSA score. Professional bodybuilders have higher FMS™ scores and higher BSA scores than amateurs. Greater experience in bodybuilding is associated with the compliance with several BSA criteria: trunk position, frontal knee alignment, tibial translation angle, foot position in all three back squat variations with different external loads, and descent with the training weight.
# Level of Evidence
3b |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d2b31c6fba87467a9cff557c9967bcbe |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2159-2896 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | North American Sports Medicine Institute |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |
| spelling | doaj-art-d2b31c6fba87467a9cff557c9967bcbe2025-02-11T20:27:11ZengNorth American Sports Medicine InstituteInternational Journal of Sports Physical Therapy2159-28962024-11-011911The Quality of Functional Movements and the Back Squat in Amateur and Professional BodybuildersVERONIKA ILJINAITĖLAIMONAS ŠIUPŠINSKASKRISTINA BERŠKIENĖ# Background It is important to assess the quality of fundamental movements, to discover deficits, evaluate mobility, balance, and stability, and identify movement dysfunction and asymmetries. However, little research has been performed on the assessment of fundamental movements with bodybuilders. # Purpose The purpose of this research was to examine the quality of professional and amateur bodybuilders' functional movements and the quality of the back squat performance. A secondary purpose was to discern whether greater experience in bodybuilding was associated with better scores on the back squat assessement (BSA). # Study design Cross-Sectional Cohort # Methods Twenty-six athletes were recruited to participate. The group of professional bodybuilders consisted of five men and six women, a total of 11 athletes. The group of amateur bodybuilders consisted of seven men and eight women, a total of 15 athletes. The Functional Movement Screen™ (FMS™) was used to assess the seven included fundamental patterns that evaluate an individual's neuromuscular control, mobility, balance, and stability. The BSA was used to assess the quality of movement, dysfunction, deficit, or compensation during the squat exercise. Statistical analyses applied non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney U, and Friedman's) for dependent and independent samples, with significance set at p\<0.05, and the Spearman correlation coefficient and Chi-square test were used to assess relationships between quantitative and qualitative variables. # Results Overall, athletes with a higher total FMS™ score performed better on the BSA as well. The professional athletes scored 2.58 points higher than the amateurs on total FMS™ scores (p\<0.001). Professional athletes scored better on the BSA than amateurs (p\<0.001). A statistically significant, positive moderate correlation was revealed between the FMS™ total score and the squat total score (r=0.68; p=0.005). # Conclusions A higher FMS™ score in bodybuilders is associated with a higher BSA score. Professional bodybuilders have higher FMS™ scores and higher BSA scores than amateurs. Greater experience in bodybuilding is associated with the compliance with several BSA criteria: trunk position, frontal knee alignment, tibial translation angle, foot position in all three back squat variations with different external loads, and descent with the training weight. # Level of Evidence 3bhttps://doi.org/10.26603/001c.124998 |
| spellingShingle | VERONIKA ILJINAITĖ LAIMONAS ŠIUPŠINSKAS KRISTINA BERŠKIENĖ The Quality of Functional Movements and the Back Squat in Amateur and Professional Bodybuilders International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |
| title | The Quality of Functional Movements and the Back Squat in Amateur and Professional Bodybuilders |
| title_full | The Quality of Functional Movements and the Back Squat in Amateur and Professional Bodybuilders |
| title_fullStr | The Quality of Functional Movements and the Back Squat in Amateur and Professional Bodybuilders |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Quality of Functional Movements and the Back Squat in Amateur and Professional Bodybuilders |
| title_short | The Quality of Functional Movements and the Back Squat in Amateur and Professional Bodybuilders |
| title_sort | quality of functional movements and the back squat in amateur and professional bodybuilders |
| url | https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.124998 |
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