Elucidating operational drivers of CO2 transfer and utilization efficiency in photosynthetic algae cultivation systems

While photosynthetic algae-based systems have shown promise for reducing the carbon footprint associated with biofuel and biochemical production due higher yields than terrestrial crops, there are challenges associated with CO2 delivery and utilization resulting from the chemical and physical enviro...

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Main Authors: Mauro Lua, Everett Eustance, Arnav Deshpande, John McGowen, Lieve M.L. Laurens
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of CO2 Utilization
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212982025000538
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author Mauro Lua
Everett Eustance
Arnav Deshpande
John McGowen
Lieve M.L. Laurens
author_facet Mauro Lua
Everett Eustance
Arnav Deshpande
John McGowen
Lieve M.L. Laurens
author_sort Mauro Lua
collection DOAJ
description While photosynthetic algae-based systems have shown promise for reducing the carbon footprint associated with biofuel and biochemical production due higher yields than terrestrial crops, there are challenges associated with CO2 delivery and utilization resulting from the chemical and physical environment experienced. Point-source CO2 delivery is a critical component of intensive algal cultivation, but a significant fraction of the CO2 sparged into the aqueous environment is lost. In this context, we review the theoretical considerations for deconvoluting carbon transfer efficiency (CTE) and carbon utilization efficiency (CUE), specifically in microalgal cultivation in response to changes in media formulation and alkalinity. We introduce an empirical and operational approach to increase the efficiency of CO2 transfer and ultimately prime algal cultures for photosynthetic carbon assimilation. We define operational boundaries for improving CUE under a neutral pH regime, with conditions that maintain high algal biomass productivity. Our work supports both the implementation of strategies for increasing CUE as well as provides a framework for monitoring inorganic and organic carbon balances in controlled aqueous systems. The integration of water chemistry in media formulation with dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and alkalinity are primary drivers of the inorganic carbon flux from a concentrated CO2 source towards an accessible carbon source for microalgae. We outline a systematic approach by leveraging control over carbon delivery, operational pH in the neutral pH regime, and alkalinity to match available DIC of the media with the demands of the algae to help optimize CTE and CUE. This control increases the feasibility of large-scale biotic CO2 capture in aqueous systems.
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spelling doaj-art-d2aa04d102c340a483314a36a54a02c12025-08-20T02:29:36ZengElsevierJournal of CO2 Utilization2212-98392025-05-019510306910.1016/j.jcou.2025.103069Elucidating operational drivers of CO2 transfer and utilization efficiency in photosynthetic algae cultivation systemsMauro Lua0Everett Eustance1Arnav Deshpande2John McGowen3Lieve M.L. Laurens4BioEconomy and Sustainable Transportation Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, United StatesArizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, United StatesBioEconomy and Sustainable Transportation Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, United StatesArizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, United StatesBioEconomy and Sustainable Transportation Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, United States; Corresponding author.While photosynthetic algae-based systems have shown promise for reducing the carbon footprint associated with biofuel and biochemical production due higher yields than terrestrial crops, there are challenges associated with CO2 delivery and utilization resulting from the chemical and physical environment experienced. Point-source CO2 delivery is a critical component of intensive algal cultivation, but a significant fraction of the CO2 sparged into the aqueous environment is lost. In this context, we review the theoretical considerations for deconvoluting carbon transfer efficiency (CTE) and carbon utilization efficiency (CUE), specifically in microalgal cultivation in response to changes in media formulation and alkalinity. We introduce an empirical and operational approach to increase the efficiency of CO2 transfer and ultimately prime algal cultures for photosynthetic carbon assimilation. We define operational boundaries for improving CUE under a neutral pH regime, with conditions that maintain high algal biomass productivity. Our work supports both the implementation of strategies for increasing CUE as well as provides a framework for monitoring inorganic and organic carbon balances in controlled aqueous systems. The integration of water chemistry in media formulation with dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and alkalinity are primary drivers of the inorganic carbon flux from a concentrated CO2 source towards an accessible carbon source for microalgae. We outline a systematic approach by leveraging control over carbon delivery, operational pH in the neutral pH regime, and alkalinity to match available DIC of the media with the demands of the algae to help optimize CTE and CUE. This control increases the feasibility of large-scale biotic CO2 capture in aqueous systems.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212982025000538Carbon transfer efficiencyCarbon utilization efficiencyAlgaeWater chemistryMedia formulation
spellingShingle Mauro Lua
Everett Eustance
Arnav Deshpande
John McGowen
Lieve M.L. Laurens
Elucidating operational drivers of CO2 transfer and utilization efficiency in photosynthetic algae cultivation systems
Journal of CO2 Utilization
Carbon transfer efficiency
Carbon utilization efficiency
Algae
Water chemistry
Media formulation
title Elucidating operational drivers of CO2 transfer and utilization efficiency in photosynthetic algae cultivation systems
title_full Elucidating operational drivers of CO2 transfer and utilization efficiency in photosynthetic algae cultivation systems
title_fullStr Elucidating operational drivers of CO2 transfer and utilization efficiency in photosynthetic algae cultivation systems
title_full_unstemmed Elucidating operational drivers of CO2 transfer and utilization efficiency in photosynthetic algae cultivation systems
title_short Elucidating operational drivers of CO2 transfer and utilization efficiency in photosynthetic algae cultivation systems
title_sort elucidating operational drivers of co2 transfer and utilization efficiency in photosynthetic algae cultivation systems
topic Carbon transfer efficiency
Carbon utilization efficiency
Algae
Water chemistry
Media formulation
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212982025000538
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AT johnmcgowen elucidatingoperationaldriversofco2transferandutilizationefficiencyinphotosyntheticalgaecultivationsystems
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