A Review of Three-Port Integrated On-Board Charger and Auxiliary Power Module in Electric Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles
Electric medium- and heavy-duty vehicles (eMHDVs), compared to their gasoline counterparts, are a promising solution in alleviating the global dependence of fossil fuel energy usage in the transportation sector. However, increased vehicle mass due to energy storage and powertrain upgrades require re...
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11072923/ |
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| author | Kyle Kozielski Guvanthi Abeysinghe Mudiyanselage Mehdi Narimani Ali Emadi |
| author_facet | Kyle Kozielski Guvanthi Abeysinghe Mudiyanselage Mehdi Narimani Ali Emadi |
| author_sort | Kyle Kozielski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Electric medium- and heavy-duty vehicles (eMHDVs), compared to their gasoline counterparts, are a promising solution in alleviating the global dependence of fossil fuel energy usage in the transportation sector. However, increased vehicle mass due to energy storage and powertrain upgrades require research and development efforts to improve eMHDV performance. Addressing power and voltage requirements of the powertrain, HV battery, and auxiliary loads can facilitate a bridge towards the metrics of conventional MHDV builds. DC-DC converters utilized in the on-board charger (OBC) and auxiliary power module (APM) of an eMHDV are therefore the focal point of this article, wherein a three-port converter (TPC) arises. To lay foundation, opportunities for OBCs across the wide spectrum of eMHDV models, vocations, and masses are identified through a study based on available specifications from 93 state-of-the-art (SOA) vehicle models, combined with 23,000 days of fleet data. OBCs are deemed feasible for eMHDVs due to long available off-shift charging times coupled with SOA battery capacities. Elevated power requirements of high-voltage and low-voltage auxiliaries in eMHDVs are also outlined. Then, TPCs are compared to conventional DC-DC converter solutions in terms of volume, efficiency, and cost. Despite elevated OBC and APM power requirements, TPCs are concluded to not be a limitation in eMHDV applications. Finally, a topological based review of SOA TPCs is performed outlining key technological gaps, design requirements and recommendations, and future research required for expansion to eMHDVs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d28ad79d04dc4c3db85ff39acaec0eb7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2644-1314 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics |
| spelling | doaj-art-d28ad79d04dc4c3db85ff39acaec0eb72025-08-20T03:59:25ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics2644-13142025-01-0161347137010.1109/OJPEL.2025.358708011072923A Review of Three-Port Integrated On-Board Charger and Auxiliary Power Module in Electric Medium- and Heavy-Duty VehiclesKyle Kozielski0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4356-6824Guvanthi Abeysinghe Mudiyanselage1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2768-3182Mehdi Narimani2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3399-397XAli Emadi3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0676-1455Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaElectric medium- and heavy-duty vehicles (eMHDVs), compared to their gasoline counterparts, are a promising solution in alleviating the global dependence of fossil fuel energy usage in the transportation sector. However, increased vehicle mass due to energy storage and powertrain upgrades require research and development efforts to improve eMHDV performance. Addressing power and voltage requirements of the powertrain, HV battery, and auxiliary loads can facilitate a bridge towards the metrics of conventional MHDV builds. DC-DC converters utilized in the on-board charger (OBC) and auxiliary power module (APM) of an eMHDV are therefore the focal point of this article, wherein a three-port converter (TPC) arises. To lay foundation, opportunities for OBCs across the wide spectrum of eMHDV models, vocations, and masses are identified through a study based on available specifications from 93 state-of-the-art (SOA) vehicle models, combined with 23,000 days of fleet data. OBCs are deemed feasible for eMHDVs due to long available off-shift charging times coupled with SOA battery capacities. Elevated power requirements of high-voltage and low-voltage auxiliaries in eMHDVs are also outlined. Then, TPCs are compared to conventional DC-DC converter solutions in terms of volume, efficiency, and cost. Despite elevated OBC and APM power requirements, TPCs are concluded to not be a limitation in eMHDV applications. Finally, a topological based review of SOA TPCs is performed outlining key technological gaps, design requirements and recommendations, and future research required for expansion to eMHDVs.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11072923/Auxiliary power moduleselectric vehiclesmedium- and heavy-duty vehiclesmultiport converterson-board chargersthree-port converters |
| spellingShingle | Kyle Kozielski Guvanthi Abeysinghe Mudiyanselage Mehdi Narimani Ali Emadi A Review of Three-Port Integrated On-Board Charger and Auxiliary Power Module in Electric Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics Auxiliary power modules electric vehicles medium- and heavy-duty vehicles multiport converters on-board chargers three-port converters |
| title | A Review of Three-Port Integrated On-Board Charger and Auxiliary Power Module in Electric Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles |
| title_full | A Review of Three-Port Integrated On-Board Charger and Auxiliary Power Module in Electric Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles |
| title_fullStr | A Review of Three-Port Integrated On-Board Charger and Auxiliary Power Module in Electric Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Review of Three-Port Integrated On-Board Charger and Auxiliary Power Module in Electric Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles |
| title_short | A Review of Three-Port Integrated On-Board Charger and Auxiliary Power Module in Electric Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles |
| title_sort | review of three port integrated on board charger and auxiliary power module in electric medium and heavy duty vehicles |
| topic | Auxiliary power modules electric vehicles medium- and heavy-duty vehicles multiport converters on-board chargers three-port converters |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11072923/ |
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