The Characteristics of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> Synergistic Pollution in the Sichuan Basin Urban Agglomeration
The synergistic pollution of fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) has become one of the major factors affecting ambient air quality. Due to the unique geographical location of the Sichuan Basin, air pollution is more likely to occur. To assess...
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2025-03-01
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| author | Shaorong Li Jianhui Guo Yaqi Wang Xinyao Lian Jing Li |
| author_facet | Shaorong Li Jianhui Guo Yaqi Wang Xinyao Lian Jing Li |
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| description | The synergistic pollution of fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) has become one of the major factors affecting ambient air quality. Due to the unique geographical location of the Sichuan Basin, air pollution is more likely to occur. To assess the synergistic pollution status of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> in the Sichuan Basin, this study analyzed time series analysis, correlation analysis, and interaction analysis of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> based on hourly data from national monitoring stations in the Sichuan Basin from 2015 to 2024. Additionally, the approximate envelope method (AEM) was used to estimate the secondary PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration. The results showed the following: Chongqing, Zigong, Luzhou, Chengdu, and Deyang experienced severe pollution. From 2015 to 2018, these cities showed high pollution levels. Since 2019, such high levels of pollution have not been observed; during the PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution period (November to January of the following year), PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub>-8h exhibited a negative correlation. During the O<sub>3</sub>-8 pollution period (May to August), PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub>-8h showed a positive correlation; secondary PM<sub>2.5</sub> increased with the intensity of photochemical reactions, while the concentration of primary PM<sub>2.5</sub> showed little change compared to secondary PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Secondary PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations peaked around 8:00–12:00 and reached a trough between 16:00 and 20:00 in all five cities; during the PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution period, the trend of O<sub>3</sub> in the five cities was consistent. Ozone concentration showed a distinct single-peak daily variation under different PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution levels. As PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration increased, the peak O<sub>3</sub> concentration decreased, and the valley concentration became lower. In different seasons, the increase in PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration can both enhance and suppress the concentration of O<sub>3</sub>. The enhanced atmospheric photochemical activity level promotes the formation of secondary components in particles. This achievement can provide a reference for the coordinated control and improvement of air quality in the Sichuan Basin. |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-d28ab2feb05746fc9975fe23822e9a3f2025-08-20T02:11:15ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332025-03-0116332910.3390/atmos16030329The Characteristics of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> Synergistic Pollution in the Sichuan Basin Urban AgglomerationShaorong Li0Jianhui Guo1Yaqi Wang2Xinyao Lian3Jing Li4Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaInstitute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaInstitute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaInstitute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaInstitute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaThe synergistic pollution of fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) has become one of the major factors affecting ambient air quality. Due to the unique geographical location of the Sichuan Basin, air pollution is more likely to occur. To assess the synergistic pollution status of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> in the Sichuan Basin, this study analyzed time series analysis, correlation analysis, and interaction analysis of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> based on hourly data from national monitoring stations in the Sichuan Basin from 2015 to 2024. Additionally, the approximate envelope method (AEM) was used to estimate the secondary PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration. The results showed the following: Chongqing, Zigong, Luzhou, Chengdu, and Deyang experienced severe pollution. From 2015 to 2018, these cities showed high pollution levels. Since 2019, such high levels of pollution have not been observed; during the PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution period (November to January of the following year), PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub>-8h exhibited a negative correlation. During the O<sub>3</sub>-8 pollution period (May to August), PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub>-8h showed a positive correlation; secondary PM<sub>2.5</sub> increased with the intensity of photochemical reactions, while the concentration of primary PM<sub>2.5</sub> showed little change compared to secondary PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Secondary PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations peaked around 8:00–12:00 and reached a trough between 16:00 and 20:00 in all five cities; during the PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution period, the trend of O<sub>3</sub> in the five cities was consistent. Ozone concentration showed a distinct single-peak daily variation under different PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution levels. As PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration increased, the peak O<sub>3</sub> concentration decreased, and the valley concentration became lower. In different seasons, the increase in PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration can both enhance and suppress the concentration of O<sub>3</sub>. The enhanced atmospheric photochemical activity level promotes the formation of secondary components in particles. This achievement can provide a reference for the coordinated control and improvement of air quality in the Sichuan Basin.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/3/329PM<sub>2.5</sub>O<sub>3</sub>synergistic pollutionSichuan Basinsecondary PM<sub>2.5</sub> |
| spellingShingle | Shaorong Li Jianhui Guo Yaqi Wang Xinyao Lian Jing Li The Characteristics of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> Synergistic Pollution in the Sichuan Basin Urban Agglomeration Atmosphere PM<sub>2.5</sub> O<sub>3</sub> synergistic pollution Sichuan Basin secondary PM<sub>2.5</sub> |
| title | The Characteristics of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> Synergistic Pollution in the Sichuan Basin Urban Agglomeration |
| title_full | The Characteristics of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> Synergistic Pollution in the Sichuan Basin Urban Agglomeration |
| title_fullStr | The Characteristics of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> Synergistic Pollution in the Sichuan Basin Urban Agglomeration |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Characteristics of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> Synergistic Pollution in the Sichuan Basin Urban Agglomeration |
| title_short | The Characteristics of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> Synergistic Pollution in the Sichuan Basin Urban Agglomeration |
| title_sort | characteristics of pm sub 2 5 sub and o sub 3 sub synergistic pollution in the sichuan basin urban agglomeration |
| topic | PM<sub>2.5</sub> O<sub>3</sub> synergistic pollution Sichuan Basin secondary PM<sub>2.5</sub> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/3/329 |
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