Research on a Multi-Type Barcode Defect Detection Model Based on Machine Vision

Barcodes are ubiquitous in manufacturing and logistics, but defects can reduce decoding efficiency and disrupt the supply chain. Existing studies primarily focus on a single barcode type or rely on small-scale datasets, limiting generalizability. We propose Y8-LiBAR Net, a lightweight two-stage fram...

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Main Authors: Ganglong Duan, Shaoyang Zhang, Yanying Shang, Yongcheng Shao, Yuqi Han
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8176
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author Ganglong Duan
Shaoyang Zhang
Yanying Shang
Yongcheng Shao
Yuqi Han
author_facet Ganglong Duan
Shaoyang Zhang
Yanying Shang
Yongcheng Shao
Yuqi Han
author_sort Ganglong Duan
collection DOAJ
description Barcodes are ubiquitous in manufacturing and logistics, but defects can reduce decoding efficiency and disrupt the supply chain. Existing studies primarily focus on a single barcode type or rely on small-scale datasets, limiting generalizability. We propose Y8-LiBAR Net, a lightweight two-stage framework for multi-type barcode defect detection. In stage 1, a YOLOv8n backbone localizes 1D and 2D barcodes in real time. In stage 2, a dual-branch network integrating ResNet50 and ViT-B/16 via hierarchical attention performs three-class classification on cropped regions of interest (ROIs): intact, defective, and non-barcode. Experiments conducted on the public BarBeR dataset, covering planar/non-planar surfaces, varying illumination, and sensor noise, show that Y8-LiBARNet achieves a detection-stage mAP@0.5 = 0.984 (1D: 0.992; 2D: 0.977) with a peak F1 score of 0.970. Subsequent defect classification attains 0.925 accuracy, 0.925 recall, and a 0.919 F1 score. Compared with single-branch baselines, our framework improves overall accuracy by 1.8–3.4% and enhances defective barcode recall by 8.9%. A Cohen’s kappa of 0.920 indicates strong label consistency and model robustness. These results demonstrate that Y8-LiBARNet delivers high-precision real-time performance, providing a practical solution for industrial barcode quality inspection.
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spelling doaj-art-d27321580533419ea7c54e728bcddea82025-08-20T04:00:54ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-07-011515817610.3390/app15158176Research on a Multi-Type Barcode Defect Detection Model Based on Machine VisionGanglong Duan0Shaoyang Zhang1Yanying Shang2Yongcheng Shao3Yuqi Han4Faculty of Economics and Management, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, ChinaFaculty of Economics and Management, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, ChinaFaculty of Economics and Management, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, ChinaFaculty of Economics and Management, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, ChinaFaculty of Economics and Management, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, ChinaBarcodes are ubiquitous in manufacturing and logistics, but defects can reduce decoding efficiency and disrupt the supply chain. Existing studies primarily focus on a single barcode type or rely on small-scale datasets, limiting generalizability. We propose Y8-LiBAR Net, a lightweight two-stage framework for multi-type barcode defect detection. In stage 1, a YOLOv8n backbone localizes 1D and 2D barcodes in real time. In stage 2, a dual-branch network integrating ResNet50 and ViT-B/16 via hierarchical attention performs three-class classification on cropped regions of interest (ROIs): intact, defective, and non-barcode. Experiments conducted on the public BarBeR dataset, covering planar/non-planar surfaces, varying illumination, and sensor noise, show that Y8-LiBARNet achieves a detection-stage mAP@0.5 = 0.984 (1D: 0.992; 2D: 0.977) with a peak F1 score of 0.970. Subsequent defect classification attains 0.925 accuracy, 0.925 recall, and a 0.919 F1 score. Compared with single-branch baselines, our framework improves overall accuracy by 1.8–3.4% and enhances defective barcode recall by 8.9%. A Cohen’s kappa of 0.920 indicates strong label consistency and model robustness. These results demonstrate that Y8-LiBARNet delivers high-precision real-time performance, providing a practical solution for industrial barcode quality inspection.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8176computer visiondefect detectionmulti-type barcodesY8-LiBAR Net
spellingShingle Ganglong Duan
Shaoyang Zhang
Yanying Shang
Yongcheng Shao
Yuqi Han
Research on a Multi-Type Barcode Defect Detection Model Based on Machine Vision
Applied Sciences
computer vision
defect detection
multi-type barcodes
Y8-LiBAR Net
title Research on a Multi-Type Barcode Defect Detection Model Based on Machine Vision
title_full Research on a Multi-Type Barcode Defect Detection Model Based on Machine Vision
title_fullStr Research on a Multi-Type Barcode Defect Detection Model Based on Machine Vision
title_full_unstemmed Research on a Multi-Type Barcode Defect Detection Model Based on Machine Vision
title_short Research on a Multi-Type Barcode Defect Detection Model Based on Machine Vision
title_sort research on a multi type barcode defect detection model based on machine vision
topic computer vision
defect detection
multi-type barcodes
Y8-LiBAR Net
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8176
work_keys_str_mv AT ganglongduan researchonamultitypebarcodedefectdetectionmodelbasedonmachinevision
AT shaoyangzhang researchonamultitypebarcodedefectdetectionmodelbasedonmachinevision
AT yanyingshang researchonamultitypebarcodedefectdetectionmodelbasedonmachinevision
AT yongchengshao researchonamultitypebarcodedefectdetectionmodelbasedonmachinevision
AT yuqihan researchonamultitypebarcodedefectdetectionmodelbasedonmachinevision