The complete mitochondrial genome of Sinojackia microcarpa: evolutionary insights and gene transfer
Abstract Background As a dicotyledonous plant within the Styracaceae family, Sinojackia microcarpa (S. microcarpa) is notable for its library-shaped fruit and sparse distribution, serving as a model system for studying the entire tree family. However, the scarcity of genomic data, particularly conce...
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BMC
2025-05-01
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| Series: | BMC Genomics |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11633-7 |
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| author | Tailin Zhong Shijie Huang Rongxiu Liu Juan Zhuo Haifei Lu Chunlin Gan Jun Fu Qixia Qian |
| author_facet | Tailin Zhong Shijie Huang Rongxiu Liu Juan Zhuo Haifei Lu Chunlin Gan Jun Fu Qixia Qian |
| author_sort | Tailin Zhong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background As a dicotyledonous plant within the Styracaceae family, Sinojackia microcarpa (S. microcarpa) is notable for its library-shaped fruit and sparse distribution, serving as a model system for studying the entire tree family. However, the scarcity of genomic data, particularly concerning the mitochondrial and nuclear sequences of S. microcarpa, has substantially impeded our understanding of its evolutionary traits and fundamental biological mechanisms. Results This study presents the first complete mitochondrial genome sequence of S. microcarpa and conducts a comparative analysis of its protein-encoding genes across eight plant species. Our analysis revealed that the mitochondrial genome of S. microcarpa spans 687,378 base pairs and contains a total of 59 genes, which include 37 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 20 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Sixteen plastid-derived fragments strongly linked with mitochondrial genes, including one intact plastid-related gene (rps7), were identified. Additionally, Ka/Ks ratio analysis revealed that most mitochondrial genes are under purifying selection, with a few genes, such as nad9 and ccmB, showing signs of relaxed or adaptive evolution. An analysis of twenty-nine protein-coding genes from twenty-four plant species reveals that S. microcarpa exhibits a closer evolutionary relationship with species belonging to the genus Camellia. The findings of this study provide new genomic data that enhance our understanding of S. microcarpa, and reveal its mitochondrial genome’s evolutionary proximity to other dicotyledonous species. Conclusions Overall, this research enhances our understanding of the evolutionary and comparative genomics of S. microcarpa and other plants in the Styracaceae family and lays the foundation for future genetic studies and evolutionary analyses in the Styracaceae family. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d2695402904f4338b4a1cb2d8be026f2 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1471-2164 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Genomics |
| spelling | doaj-art-d2695402904f4338b4a1cb2d8be026f22025-08-20T01:49:33ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642025-05-0126111410.1186/s12864-025-11633-7The complete mitochondrial genome of Sinojackia microcarpa: evolutionary insights and gene transferTailin Zhong0Shijie Huang1Rongxiu Liu2Juan Zhuo3Haifei Lu4Chunlin Gan5Jun Fu6Qixia Qian7College of Urban Construction of Zhejiang Shuren University, Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Shuren UniversityNational Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Zhejiang A&F UniversityNational Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Zhejiang A&F UniversityNational Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Zhejiang A&F UniversityCollege of Urban Construction of Zhejiang Shuren University, Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Shuren UniversityLishan Forest Farm, Xin’gan CountyState-owned Paiyangshan Forest Farm in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionCollege of Landscape Architecture, Zheiiang A&F UniversityAbstract Background As a dicotyledonous plant within the Styracaceae family, Sinojackia microcarpa (S. microcarpa) is notable for its library-shaped fruit and sparse distribution, serving as a model system for studying the entire tree family. However, the scarcity of genomic data, particularly concerning the mitochondrial and nuclear sequences of S. microcarpa, has substantially impeded our understanding of its evolutionary traits and fundamental biological mechanisms. Results This study presents the first complete mitochondrial genome sequence of S. microcarpa and conducts a comparative analysis of its protein-encoding genes across eight plant species. Our analysis revealed that the mitochondrial genome of S. microcarpa spans 687,378 base pairs and contains a total of 59 genes, which include 37 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 20 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Sixteen plastid-derived fragments strongly linked with mitochondrial genes, including one intact plastid-related gene (rps7), were identified. Additionally, Ka/Ks ratio analysis revealed that most mitochondrial genes are under purifying selection, with a few genes, such as nad9 and ccmB, showing signs of relaxed or adaptive evolution. An analysis of twenty-nine protein-coding genes from twenty-four plant species reveals that S. microcarpa exhibits a closer evolutionary relationship with species belonging to the genus Camellia. The findings of this study provide new genomic data that enhance our understanding of S. microcarpa, and reveal its mitochondrial genome’s evolutionary proximity to other dicotyledonous species. Conclusions Overall, this research enhances our understanding of the evolutionary and comparative genomics of S. microcarpa and other plants in the Styracaceae family and lays the foundation for future genetic studies and evolutionary analyses in the Styracaceae family.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11633-7Sinojackia microcarpaMitochondria genomeGene transferPhylogenetic analysis |
| spellingShingle | Tailin Zhong Shijie Huang Rongxiu Liu Juan Zhuo Haifei Lu Chunlin Gan Jun Fu Qixia Qian The complete mitochondrial genome of Sinojackia microcarpa: evolutionary insights and gene transfer BMC Genomics Sinojackia microcarpa Mitochondria genome Gene transfer Phylogenetic analysis |
| title | The complete mitochondrial genome of Sinojackia microcarpa: evolutionary insights and gene transfer |
| title_full | The complete mitochondrial genome of Sinojackia microcarpa: evolutionary insights and gene transfer |
| title_fullStr | The complete mitochondrial genome of Sinojackia microcarpa: evolutionary insights and gene transfer |
| title_full_unstemmed | The complete mitochondrial genome of Sinojackia microcarpa: evolutionary insights and gene transfer |
| title_short | The complete mitochondrial genome of Sinojackia microcarpa: evolutionary insights and gene transfer |
| title_sort | complete mitochondrial genome of sinojackia microcarpa evolutionary insights and gene transfer |
| topic | Sinojackia microcarpa Mitochondria genome Gene transfer Phylogenetic analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11633-7 |
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