The role of inflammation in the development of tic symptoms in subjects with ADHD

Tourette's syndrome is characterized by multiple motor and 1 or more vocal tics that persist for more than 1 year since first tic onset. It is well known that subjects with Tourette's syndrome show varieties of comorbidities, and ADHD is one of the most prevalent comorbid symptoms. In most...

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Main Authors: Nagahide Takahashi, Hidekazu Kato, Yoshihiro Nawa, Shiori Ogawa, Kenji J. Tsuchiya, Takashi Okada
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666354625000390
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author Nagahide Takahashi
Hidekazu Kato
Yoshihiro Nawa
Shiori Ogawa
Kenji J. Tsuchiya
Takashi Okada
author_facet Nagahide Takahashi
Hidekazu Kato
Yoshihiro Nawa
Shiori Ogawa
Kenji J. Tsuchiya
Takashi Okada
author_sort Nagahide Takahashi
collection DOAJ
description Tourette's syndrome is characterized by multiple motor and 1 or more vocal tics that persist for more than 1 year since first tic onset. It is well known that subjects with Tourette's syndrome show varieties of comorbidities, and ADHD is one of the most prevalent comorbid symptoms. In most cases, ADHD symptoms is known to precede the onset of tic symptoms, but how subjects with ADHD develop Tourette's syndrome later in life remains unclear.Both Tourette's syndrome and ADHD is highly heritable, and genome wide association studies of ADHD and Tourette's syndrome showed that Tourette's syndrome and ADHD are genetically related. In order to identify the factor to cause tic symptoms in subjects with ADHD, we conducted two-sample mendelian randomization analysis, gene-set analysis and identified neutrophil degranulation is a pathways specific to Tourette's syndrome. Molecular analysis showed that Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio may be relatively upregulated within the normal range in subjects with ADHD and Tourette's syndrome compared to subjects with ADHD only.As the molecular analysis is still in its preliminary stages, the current results suggest that inflammation may be a contributing factor in the development of symptoms of Tourette's syndrome in subjects with ADHD. If these results can be replicated, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio could serve as a potential a biomarker for the risk of Tourette's syndrome.
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spelling doaj-art-d2604f717d46469fb660e4f79b486d402025-08-20T02:29:43ZengElsevierBrain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health2666-35462025-05-014510098110.1016/j.bbih.2025.100981The role of inflammation in the development of tic symptoms in subjects with ADHDNagahide Takahashi0Hidekazu Kato1Yoshihiro Nawa2Shiori Ogawa3Kenji J. Tsuchiya4Takashi Okada5Department of Developmental Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan; Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, The Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Japan; Corresponding author. Department of developmental disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, 187-8553, Japan.Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nagoya University Hospital, JapanDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nagoya University Hospital, JapanDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nagoya University Hospital, Japan; Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, JapanResearch Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, The Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, JapanDepartment of Developmental Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, JapanTourette's syndrome is characterized by multiple motor and 1 or more vocal tics that persist for more than 1 year since first tic onset. It is well known that subjects with Tourette's syndrome show varieties of comorbidities, and ADHD is one of the most prevalent comorbid symptoms. In most cases, ADHD symptoms is known to precede the onset of tic symptoms, but how subjects with ADHD develop Tourette's syndrome later in life remains unclear.Both Tourette's syndrome and ADHD is highly heritable, and genome wide association studies of ADHD and Tourette's syndrome showed that Tourette's syndrome and ADHD are genetically related. In order to identify the factor to cause tic symptoms in subjects with ADHD, we conducted two-sample mendelian randomization analysis, gene-set analysis and identified neutrophil degranulation is a pathways specific to Tourette's syndrome. Molecular analysis showed that Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio may be relatively upregulated within the normal range in subjects with ADHD and Tourette's syndrome compared to subjects with ADHD only.As the molecular analysis is still in its preliminary stages, the current results suggest that inflammation may be a contributing factor in the development of symptoms of Tourette's syndrome in subjects with ADHD. If these results can be replicated, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio could serve as a potential a biomarker for the risk of Tourette's syndrome.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666354625000390Attention deficit hyperactivity disorderTourette's syndromeNeuroinflammationGenome wide association study
spellingShingle Nagahide Takahashi
Hidekazu Kato
Yoshihiro Nawa
Shiori Ogawa
Kenji J. Tsuchiya
Takashi Okada
The role of inflammation in the development of tic symptoms in subjects with ADHD
Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Tourette's syndrome
Neuroinflammation
Genome wide association study
title The role of inflammation in the development of tic symptoms in subjects with ADHD
title_full The role of inflammation in the development of tic symptoms in subjects with ADHD
title_fullStr The role of inflammation in the development of tic symptoms in subjects with ADHD
title_full_unstemmed The role of inflammation in the development of tic symptoms in subjects with ADHD
title_short The role of inflammation in the development of tic symptoms in subjects with ADHD
title_sort role of inflammation in the development of tic symptoms in subjects with adhd
topic Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Tourette's syndrome
Neuroinflammation
Genome wide association study
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666354625000390
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