A polyvalent DNA prime with matched polyvalent protein/GLA-SE boost regimen elicited the most robust and broad IgG and IgG3 V1V2 binding antibody and CD4+ T cell responses among 13 HIV vaccine trials

Developing an effective HIV vaccine is a momentous challenge. An exceptionally wide range of candidate HIV vaccines have been tested, yet many were poorly immunogenic, and of the select few that advanced into efficacy trials, only one demonstrated any efficacy. Here we report the results of the larg...

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Main Authors: Zoe Moodie, Shuying Sue Li, Elena E. Giorgi, LaTonya D. Williams, One Dintwe, Lindsay N. Carpp, Shiyu Chen, Kelly E. Seaton, Sheetal S. Sawant, Lu Zhang, Jack Heptinstall, Shuying Liu, Nicole Grunenberg, Frank Tomaka, Supachai Rerks-Ngarm, Punnee Pitisuttithum, Sorachai Nitayaphan, Julie A. Ake, Sandhya Vasan, Giuseppe Pantaleo, Ian Frank, Lindsey R. Baden, Paul A. Goepfert, Michael Keefer, Mike Chirenje, Mina C. Hosseinipour, Kathryn Mngadi, Fatima Laher, Nigel Garrett, Linda-Gail Bekker, Stephen De Rosa, Erica Andersen-Nissen, James G. Kublin, Shan Lu, Peter B. Gilbert, Glenda E. Gray, Lawrence Corey, M. Juliana McElrath, Georgia D. Tomaras
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Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Emerging Microbes and Infections
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2485317
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author Zoe Moodie
Shuying Sue Li
Elena E. Giorgi
LaTonya D. Williams
One Dintwe
Lindsay N. Carpp
Shiyu Chen
Kelly E. Seaton
Sheetal S. Sawant
Lu Zhang
Jack Heptinstall
Shuying Liu
Nicole Grunenberg
Frank Tomaka
Supachai Rerks-Ngarm
Punnee Pitisuttithum
Sorachai Nitayaphan
Julie A. Ake
Sandhya Vasan
Giuseppe Pantaleo
Ian Frank
Lindsey R. Baden
Paul A. Goepfert
Michael Keefer
Mike Chirenje
Mina C. Hosseinipour
Kathryn Mngadi
Fatima Laher
Nigel Garrett
Linda-Gail Bekker
Stephen De Rosa
Erica Andersen-Nissen
James G. Kublin
Shan Lu
Peter B. Gilbert
Glenda E. Gray
Lawrence Corey
M. Juliana McElrath
Georgia D. Tomaras
author_facet Zoe Moodie
Shuying Sue Li
Elena E. Giorgi
LaTonya D. Williams
One Dintwe
Lindsay N. Carpp
Shiyu Chen
Kelly E. Seaton
Sheetal S. Sawant
Lu Zhang
Jack Heptinstall
Shuying Liu
Nicole Grunenberg
Frank Tomaka
Supachai Rerks-Ngarm
Punnee Pitisuttithum
Sorachai Nitayaphan
Julie A. Ake
Sandhya Vasan
Giuseppe Pantaleo
Ian Frank
Lindsey R. Baden
Paul A. Goepfert
Michael Keefer
Mike Chirenje
Mina C. Hosseinipour
Kathryn Mngadi
Fatima Laher
Nigel Garrett
Linda-Gail Bekker
Stephen De Rosa
Erica Andersen-Nissen
James G. Kublin
Shan Lu
Peter B. Gilbert
Glenda E. Gray
Lawrence Corey
M. Juliana McElrath
Georgia D. Tomaras
author_sort Zoe Moodie
collection DOAJ
description Developing an effective HIV vaccine is a momentous challenge. An exceptionally wide range of candidate HIV vaccines have been tested, yet many were poorly immunogenic, and of the select few that advanced into efficacy trials, only one demonstrated any efficacy. Here we report the results of the largest-scale cross-protocol immunogenicity comparison to date: 13 HIV vaccine trials (including 36 vaccine regimens) conducted across nine countries worldwide, strengthened by standardized trial designs, validated assays in centralized laboratories, and harmonized immunogenicity endpoints – providing an objective approach to identify the HIV vaccine candidate(s) with the best immunogenicity. A polyvalent DNA prime + protein boost regimen (HVTN 124) including Env immunogens of four subtypes, matched between prime and boost, achieved the best anti-V1V2 antibody responses by a large margin and also induced high CD4+ T-cell responses – two key immune responses implicated in HIV vaccine protection. Our results provide strong support to test this promising HIV vaccine design in more advanced phase clinical trials and will also guide the future design of additional HIV vaccines.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01799954..Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02109354..Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02404311..Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02207920..Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02296541..Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03284710..Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02915016..Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02997969..Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03122223..Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03409276..Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02968849..Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03060629..Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00223080..
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spelling doaj-art-d25df2b9ad6a4d0dae8d43ff28864daa2025-08-20T02:08:12ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512025-12-0114110.1080/22221751.2025.2485317A polyvalent DNA prime with matched polyvalent protein/GLA-SE boost regimen elicited the most robust and broad IgG and IgG3 V1V2 binding antibody and CD4+ T cell responses among 13 HIV vaccine trialsZoe Moodie0Shuying Sue Li1Elena E. Giorgi2LaTonya D. Williams3One Dintwe4Lindsay N. Carpp5Shiyu Chen6Kelly E. Seaton7Sheetal S. Sawant8Lu Zhang9Jack Heptinstall10Shuying Liu11Nicole Grunenberg12Frank Tomaka13Supachai Rerks-Ngarm14Punnee Pitisuttithum15Sorachai Nitayaphan16Julie A. Ake17Sandhya Vasan18Giuseppe Pantaleo19Ian Frank20Lindsey R. Baden21Paul A. Goepfert22Michael Keefer23Mike Chirenje24Mina C. Hosseinipour25Kathryn Mngadi26Fatima Laher27Nigel Garrett28Linda-Gail Bekker29Stephen De Rosa30Erica Andersen-Nissen31James G. Kublin32Shan Lu33Peter B. Gilbert34Glenda E. Gray35Lawrence Corey36M. Juliana McElrath37Georgia D. Tomaras38Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USAVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USAVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USACenter for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USAVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USAVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USAVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USACenter for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USACenter for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USACenter for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USACenter for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USAWorcester HIV Vaccine, Worcester, MA, USAVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USADepartment of Research & Development, Janssen Vaccines and Prevention/Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ, USAThai Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, ThailandVaccine Trials Center, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandRoyal Thai Army, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, ThailandU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USAU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USAService of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandInfectious Diseases Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USADepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USADepartment of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USADepartment of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USACollege of Health Sciences Clinical Trials Research Centre, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, ZimbabweUNC-Project Malawi, Lilongwe, MalawiClinical Research Division, Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South AfricaPerinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Wits Health Consortium, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Soweto, Johannesburg, South AfricaDesmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South AfricaDesmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South AfricaVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USAVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USAVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USAWorcester HIV Vaccine, Worcester, MA, USAVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USAPerinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Wits Health Consortium, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Soweto, Johannesburg, South AfricaVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USAVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USACenter for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USADeveloping an effective HIV vaccine is a momentous challenge. An exceptionally wide range of candidate HIV vaccines have been tested, yet many were poorly immunogenic, and of the select few that advanced into efficacy trials, only one demonstrated any efficacy. Here we report the results of the largest-scale cross-protocol immunogenicity comparison to date: 13 HIV vaccine trials (including 36 vaccine regimens) conducted across nine countries worldwide, strengthened by standardized trial designs, validated assays in centralized laboratories, and harmonized immunogenicity endpoints – providing an objective approach to identify the HIV vaccine candidate(s) with the best immunogenicity. A polyvalent DNA prime + protein boost regimen (HVTN 124) including Env immunogens of four subtypes, matched between prime and boost, achieved the best anti-V1V2 antibody responses by a large margin and also induced high CD4+ T-cell responses – two key immune responses implicated in HIV vaccine protection. Our results provide strong support to test this promising HIV vaccine design in more advanced phase clinical trials and will also guide the future design of additional HIV vaccines.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01799954..Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02109354..Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02404311..Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02207920..Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02296541..Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03284710..Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02915016..Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02997969..Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03122223..Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03409276..Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02968849..Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03060629..Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00223080..https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2485317Binding antibody multiplex assaycross-protocol analysisEnv V1V2 binding antibody response breadth scoreintracellular cytokine stainingmatched polyvalent DNA-polyvalent protein/GLA-SE prime-boost regimen
spellingShingle Zoe Moodie
Shuying Sue Li
Elena E. Giorgi
LaTonya D. Williams
One Dintwe
Lindsay N. Carpp
Shiyu Chen
Kelly E. Seaton
Sheetal S. Sawant
Lu Zhang
Jack Heptinstall
Shuying Liu
Nicole Grunenberg
Frank Tomaka
Supachai Rerks-Ngarm
Punnee Pitisuttithum
Sorachai Nitayaphan
Julie A. Ake
Sandhya Vasan
Giuseppe Pantaleo
Ian Frank
Lindsey R. Baden
Paul A. Goepfert
Michael Keefer
Mike Chirenje
Mina C. Hosseinipour
Kathryn Mngadi
Fatima Laher
Nigel Garrett
Linda-Gail Bekker
Stephen De Rosa
Erica Andersen-Nissen
James G. Kublin
Shan Lu
Peter B. Gilbert
Glenda E. Gray
Lawrence Corey
M. Juliana McElrath
Georgia D. Tomaras
A polyvalent DNA prime with matched polyvalent protein/GLA-SE boost regimen elicited the most robust and broad IgG and IgG3 V1V2 binding antibody and CD4+ T cell responses among 13 HIV vaccine trials
Emerging Microbes and Infections
Binding antibody multiplex assay
cross-protocol analysis
Env V1V2 binding antibody response breadth score
intracellular cytokine staining
matched polyvalent DNA-polyvalent protein/GLA-SE prime-boost regimen
title A polyvalent DNA prime with matched polyvalent protein/GLA-SE boost regimen elicited the most robust and broad IgG and IgG3 V1V2 binding antibody and CD4+ T cell responses among 13 HIV vaccine trials
title_full A polyvalent DNA prime with matched polyvalent protein/GLA-SE boost regimen elicited the most robust and broad IgG and IgG3 V1V2 binding antibody and CD4+ T cell responses among 13 HIV vaccine trials
title_fullStr A polyvalent DNA prime with matched polyvalent protein/GLA-SE boost regimen elicited the most robust and broad IgG and IgG3 V1V2 binding antibody and CD4+ T cell responses among 13 HIV vaccine trials
title_full_unstemmed A polyvalent DNA prime with matched polyvalent protein/GLA-SE boost regimen elicited the most robust and broad IgG and IgG3 V1V2 binding antibody and CD4+ T cell responses among 13 HIV vaccine trials
title_short A polyvalent DNA prime with matched polyvalent protein/GLA-SE boost regimen elicited the most robust and broad IgG and IgG3 V1V2 binding antibody and CD4+ T cell responses among 13 HIV vaccine trials
title_sort polyvalent dna prime with matched polyvalent protein gla se boost regimen elicited the most robust and broad igg and igg3 v1v2 binding antibody and cd4 t cell responses among 13 hiv vaccine trials
topic Binding antibody multiplex assay
cross-protocol analysis
Env V1V2 binding antibody response breadth score
intracellular cytokine staining
matched polyvalent DNA-polyvalent protein/GLA-SE prime-boost regimen
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2485317
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AT kathrynmngadi polyvalentdnaprimewithmatchedpolyvalentproteinglaseboostregimenelicitedthemostrobustandbroadiggandigg3v1v2bindingantibodyandcd4tcellresponsesamong13hivvaccinetrials
AT fatimalaher polyvalentdnaprimewithmatchedpolyvalentproteinglaseboostregimenelicitedthemostrobustandbroadiggandigg3v1v2bindingantibodyandcd4tcellresponsesamong13hivvaccinetrials
AT nigelgarrett polyvalentdnaprimewithmatchedpolyvalentproteinglaseboostregimenelicitedthemostrobustandbroadiggandigg3v1v2bindingantibodyandcd4tcellresponsesamong13hivvaccinetrials
AT lindagailbekker polyvalentdnaprimewithmatchedpolyvalentproteinglaseboostregimenelicitedthemostrobustandbroadiggandigg3v1v2bindingantibodyandcd4tcellresponsesamong13hivvaccinetrials
AT stephenderosa polyvalentdnaprimewithmatchedpolyvalentproteinglaseboostregimenelicitedthemostrobustandbroadiggandigg3v1v2bindingantibodyandcd4tcellresponsesamong13hivvaccinetrials
AT ericaandersennissen polyvalentdnaprimewithmatchedpolyvalentproteinglaseboostregimenelicitedthemostrobustandbroadiggandigg3v1v2bindingantibodyandcd4tcellresponsesamong13hivvaccinetrials
AT jamesgkublin polyvalentdnaprimewithmatchedpolyvalentproteinglaseboostregimenelicitedthemostrobustandbroadiggandigg3v1v2bindingantibodyandcd4tcellresponsesamong13hivvaccinetrials
AT shanlu polyvalentdnaprimewithmatchedpolyvalentproteinglaseboostregimenelicitedthemostrobustandbroadiggandigg3v1v2bindingantibodyandcd4tcellresponsesamong13hivvaccinetrials
AT peterbgilbert polyvalentdnaprimewithmatchedpolyvalentproteinglaseboostregimenelicitedthemostrobustandbroadiggandigg3v1v2bindingantibodyandcd4tcellresponsesamong13hivvaccinetrials
AT glendaegray polyvalentdnaprimewithmatchedpolyvalentproteinglaseboostregimenelicitedthemostrobustandbroadiggandigg3v1v2bindingantibodyandcd4tcellresponsesamong13hivvaccinetrials
AT lawrencecorey polyvalentdnaprimewithmatchedpolyvalentproteinglaseboostregimenelicitedthemostrobustandbroadiggandigg3v1v2bindingantibodyandcd4tcellresponsesamong13hivvaccinetrials
AT mjulianamcelrath polyvalentdnaprimewithmatchedpolyvalentproteinglaseboostregimenelicitedthemostrobustandbroadiggandigg3v1v2bindingantibodyandcd4tcellresponsesamong13hivvaccinetrials
AT georgiadtomaras polyvalentdnaprimewithmatchedpolyvalentproteinglaseboostregimenelicitedthemostrobustandbroadiggandigg3v1v2bindingantibodyandcd4tcellresponsesamong13hivvaccinetrials