Multimodal Imaging Detection of Difficult Mammary Paget Disease: Dermoscopy, Reflectance Confocal Microscopy, and Line-Field Confocal–Optical Coherence Tomography

Multimodal Imaging Detection of Difficult Mammary Paget Disease: Dermoscopy, Reflectance Confocal Microscopy, and Line-Field Confocal–Optical Coherence Tomography

Mammary Paget disease (MPD) is a rare cutaneous malignancy associated with underlying ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Clinically, it appears as eczematous changes in the nipple and areola complex (NAC), which may include itching, redness, crusting, and ulceration;...

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Main Authors: Carmen Cantisani, Gianluca Caruso, Alberto Taliano, Caterina Longo, Giuseppe Rizzuto, Vito D’Andrea, Pawel Pietkiewicz, Giulio Bortone, Luca Gargano, Mariano Suppa, Giovanni Pellacani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Diagnostics
Subjects:
dermoscopy
line-field optical-coherence tomography
mammary Paget disease
reflectance confocal microscopy
nipple areola complex
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/15/1898
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Summary:Mammary Paget disease (MPD) is a rare cutaneous malignancy associated with underlying ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Clinically, it appears as eczematous changes in the nipple and areola complex (NAC), which may include itching, redness, crusting, and ulceration; these symptoms can sometimes mimic benign dermatologic conditions such as nipple eczema, making early diagnosis challenging. A 56-year-old woman presented with persistent erythema and scaling of the left nipple, which did not respond to conventional dermatologic treatments: a high degree of suspicion prompted further investigation. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) revealed atypical, enlarged epidermal cells with irregular boundaries, while line-field confocal–optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) demonstrated thickening of the epidermis, hypo-reflective vacuous spaces and abnormally large round cells (Paget cells). These non-invasive imaging findings were consistent with an aggressive case of Paget disease despite the absence of clear mammographic evidence of underlying carcinoma: in fact, several biopsies were needed, and at the end, massive surgery was necessary. Non-invasive imaging techniques, such as dermoscopy, RCM, and LC-OCT, offer a valuable diagnostic tool in detecting Paget disease, especially in early stages and atypical forms.
ISSN:2075-4418

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