Phytosterol–γ-Oryzanol–Glycerol Monostearate Composite Gelators for Palm Stearin/Linseed Oil Oleogel-Based Margarine: Nutrient Enrichment, Textural Modulation, and Commercial Product Mimicry

This study prepared palm stearin/linseed oil-based margarines (PST/LO-BMs) and palm stearin/linseed oil oleogel-based margarines (PST/LO-OBM) by incorporating varying proportions (20–60% oil phase) of linseed oil (LO) and LO-based oleogel, respectively. By comparing PST/LO-OBMs and PST/LO-BMs, it wa...

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Main Authors: Jingwen Li, Yujuan Hu, Qing Ma, Dongkun Zhao, Xinjing Dou, Baocheng Xu, Lili Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/7/1206
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author Jingwen Li
Yujuan Hu
Qing Ma
Dongkun Zhao
Xinjing Dou
Baocheng Xu
Lili Liu
author_facet Jingwen Li
Yujuan Hu
Qing Ma
Dongkun Zhao
Xinjing Dou
Baocheng Xu
Lili Liu
author_sort Jingwen Li
collection DOAJ
description This study prepared palm stearin/linseed oil-based margarines (PST/LO-BMs) and palm stearin/linseed oil oleogel-based margarines (PST/LO-OBM) by incorporating varying proportions (20–60% oil phase) of linseed oil (LO) and LO-based oleogel, respectively. By comparing PST/LO-OBMs and PST/LO-BMs, it was found that the introduction of phytosterol–γ-oryzanol (PO) complexes and glycerol monostearate (GMS) to PST/LO-OBM induced three distinct crystalline morphologies: needle-like crystals, spherical crystals, and cluster-type crystals. These crystal assemblies synergistically constructed a robust three-dimensional network, effectively entrapping both aqueous droplets and liquid oil fractions while substantially reinforcing the structural integrity of PST/LO-OBM. Notably, the incorporated gelators modified the crystallization behavior, where GMS likely served as a nucleating site promoting triglyceride crystallization. This structural modulation yielded favorable β’-form crystal polymorphism, which is critically associated with enhanced textural properties. Comparative analysis with commercial margarine revealed that the PST45/LO40-OBM formulation exhibited comparable rheological performance, crystalline type, and thermal properties, while demonstrating superior nutritional characteristics, containing elevated levels of α-linolenic acid (23.54%), phytosterol (1410 mg/100 g), and γ-oryzanol (2110 mg/100 g). These findings provide fundamental insights for margarine alternatives with nutritional attributes.
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spelling doaj-art-d257e7a388d54a80af6124b4bb293d3d2025-08-20T03:08:55ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-03-01147120610.3390/foods14071206Phytosterol–γ-Oryzanol–Glycerol Monostearate Composite Gelators for Palm Stearin/Linseed Oil Oleogel-Based Margarine: Nutrient Enrichment, Textural Modulation, and Commercial Product MimicryJingwen Li0Yujuan Hu1Qing Ma2Dongkun Zhao3Xinjing Dou4Baocheng Xu5Lili Liu6College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, ChinaCollege of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, ChinaCollege of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, ChinaCollege of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, ChinaCollege of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, ChinaCollege of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, ChinaCollege of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, ChinaThis study prepared palm stearin/linseed oil-based margarines (PST/LO-BMs) and palm stearin/linseed oil oleogel-based margarines (PST/LO-OBM) by incorporating varying proportions (20–60% oil phase) of linseed oil (LO) and LO-based oleogel, respectively. By comparing PST/LO-OBMs and PST/LO-BMs, it was found that the introduction of phytosterol–γ-oryzanol (PO) complexes and glycerol monostearate (GMS) to PST/LO-OBM induced three distinct crystalline morphologies: needle-like crystals, spherical crystals, and cluster-type crystals. These crystal assemblies synergistically constructed a robust three-dimensional network, effectively entrapping both aqueous droplets and liquid oil fractions while substantially reinforcing the structural integrity of PST/LO-OBM. Notably, the incorporated gelators modified the crystallization behavior, where GMS likely served as a nucleating site promoting triglyceride crystallization. This structural modulation yielded favorable β’-form crystal polymorphism, which is critically associated with enhanced textural properties. Comparative analysis with commercial margarine revealed that the PST45/LO40-OBM formulation exhibited comparable rheological performance, crystalline type, and thermal properties, while demonstrating superior nutritional characteristics, containing elevated levels of α-linolenic acid (23.54%), phytosterol (1410 mg/100 g), and γ-oryzanol (2110 mg/100 g). These findings provide fundamental insights for margarine alternatives with nutritional attributes.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/7/1206margarineoleogellinseed oilphytosterolsolid fat substitution
spellingShingle Jingwen Li
Yujuan Hu
Qing Ma
Dongkun Zhao
Xinjing Dou
Baocheng Xu
Lili Liu
Phytosterol–γ-Oryzanol–Glycerol Monostearate Composite Gelators for Palm Stearin/Linseed Oil Oleogel-Based Margarine: Nutrient Enrichment, Textural Modulation, and Commercial Product Mimicry
Foods
margarine
oleogel
linseed oil
phytosterol
solid fat substitution
title Phytosterol–γ-Oryzanol–Glycerol Monostearate Composite Gelators for Palm Stearin/Linseed Oil Oleogel-Based Margarine: Nutrient Enrichment, Textural Modulation, and Commercial Product Mimicry
title_full Phytosterol–γ-Oryzanol–Glycerol Monostearate Composite Gelators for Palm Stearin/Linseed Oil Oleogel-Based Margarine: Nutrient Enrichment, Textural Modulation, and Commercial Product Mimicry
title_fullStr Phytosterol–γ-Oryzanol–Glycerol Monostearate Composite Gelators for Palm Stearin/Linseed Oil Oleogel-Based Margarine: Nutrient Enrichment, Textural Modulation, and Commercial Product Mimicry
title_full_unstemmed Phytosterol–γ-Oryzanol–Glycerol Monostearate Composite Gelators for Palm Stearin/Linseed Oil Oleogel-Based Margarine: Nutrient Enrichment, Textural Modulation, and Commercial Product Mimicry
title_short Phytosterol–γ-Oryzanol–Glycerol Monostearate Composite Gelators for Palm Stearin/Linseed Oil Oleogel-Based Margarine: Nutrient Enrichment, Textural Modulation, and Commercial Product Mimicry
title_sort phytosterol γ oryzanol glycerol monostearate composite gelators for palm stearin linseed oil oleogel based margarine nutrient enrichment textural modulation and commercial product mimicry
topic margarine
oleogel
linseed oil
phytosterol
solid fat substitution
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/7/1206
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