Possible Missing Sources of Atmospheric Glyoxal Part I: Phospholipid Oxidation from Marine Algae
Background: Glyoxal has been implicated as a significant contributor to the formation of secondary organic aerosols, which play a key role in our ability to estimate the impact of aerosols on climate. Elevated concentrations of glyoxal over remote ocean waters suggests that there is an additional so...
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2024-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/14/11/639 |
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| author | Renee T. Williams Annika Caspers-Brown Camille M. Sultana Christopher Lee Jessica L. Axson Francesca Malfatti Yanyan Zhou Kathryn A. Moore Natalie Stevens Mitchell V. Santander Farooq Azam Kimberly A. Prather Robert S. Pomeroy |
| author_facet | Renee T. Williams Annika Caspers-Brown Camille M. Sultana Christopher Lee Jessica L. Axson Francesca Malfatti Yanyan Zhou Kathryn A. Moore Natalie Stevens Mitchell V. Santander Farooq Azam Kimberly A. Prather Robert S. Pomeroy |
| author_sort | Renee T. Williams |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Glyoxal has been implicated as a significant contributor to the formation of secondary organic aerosols, which play a key role in our ability to estimate the impact of aerosols on climate. Elevated concentrations of glyoxal over remote ocean waters suggests that there is an additional source, distinct from urban and forest environments, which has yet to be identified. Herein, we demonstrate that the ocean can serve as an appreciable source of glyoxal in the atmosphere due to microbiological activity. Methods and Results: Based on mass spectrometric analyses of nascent sea spray aerosols and the sea surface microlayer (SSML) of naturally occurring algal blooms, we provide evidence that during the algae death phase phospholipids become enriched in the SSML and undergo autoxidation thereby generating glyoxal as a degradation product. Conclusions: We propose that the death phase of an algal bloom could serve as an important and currently missing source of glyoxal in the atmosphere. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d255ff6b73304c83be4aba7b99a5bd00 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj-art-d255ff6b73304c83be4aba7b99a5bd002025-08-20T02:05:06ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892024-11-01141163910.3390/metabo14110639Possible Missing Sources of Atmospheric Glyoxal Part I: Phospholipid Oxidation from Marine AlgaeRenee T. Williams0Annika Caspers-Brown1Camille M. Sultana2Christopher Lee3Jessica L. Axson4Francesca Malfatti5Yanyan Zhou6Kathryn A. Moore7Natalie Stevens8Mitchell V. Santander9Farooq Azam10Kimberly A. Prather11Robert S. Pomeroy12Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USANational Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics, 34100 Trieste, ItalyScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USASchool of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USABackground: Glyoxal has been implicated as a significant contributor to the formation of secondary organic aerosols, which play a key role in our ability to estimate the impact of aerosols on climate. Elevated concentrations of glyoxal over remote ocean waters suggests that there is an additional source, distinct from urban and forest environments, which has yet to be identified. Herein, we demonstrate that the ocean can serve as an appreciable source of glyoxal in the atmosphere due to microbiological activity. Methods and Results: Based on mass spectrometric analyses of nascent sea spray aerosols and the sea surface microlayer (SSML) of naturally occurring algal blooms, we provide evidence that during the algae death phase phospholipids become enriched in the SSML and undergo autoxidation thereby generating glyoxal as a degradation product. Conclusions: We propose that the death phase of an algal bloom could serve as an important and currently missing source of glyoxal in the atmosphere.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/14/11/639gas chromatography mass spectrometryliquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometrysolid phase extractionsea spray aerosolsfatty acidsvolatile organic compounds |
| spellingShingle | Renee T. Williams Annika Caspers-Brown Camille M. Sultana Christopher Lee Jessica L. Axson Francesca Malfatti Yanyan Zhou Kathryn A. Moore Natalie Stevens Mitchell V. Santander Farooq Azam Kimberly A. Prather Robert S. Pomeroy Possible Missing Sources of Atmospheric Glyoxal Part I: Phospholipid Oxidation from Marine Algae Metabolites gas chromatography mass spectrometry liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry solid phase extraction sea spray aerosols fatty acids volatile organic compounds |
| title | Possible Missing Sources of Atmospheric Glyoxal Part I: Phospholipid Oxidation from Marine Algae |
| title_full | Possible Missing Sources of Atmospheric Glyoxal Part I: Phospholipid Oxidation from Marine Algae |
| title_fullStr | Possible Missing Sources of Atmospheric Glyoxal Part I: Phospholipid Oxidation from Marine Algae |
| title_full_unstemmed | Possible Missing Sources of Atmospheric Glyoxal Part I: Phospholipid Oxidation from Marine Algae |
| title_short | Possible Missing Sources of Atmospheric Glyoxal Part I: Phospholipid Oxidation from Marine Algae |
| title_sort | possible missing sources of atmospheric glyoxal part i phospholipid oxidation from marine algae |
| topic | gas chromatography mass spectrometry liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry solid phase extraction sea spray aerosols fatty acids volatile organic compounds |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/14/11/639 |
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