Validity and reliability of anthropometric equations versus Dual X-ray Absorptiometry to estimate body composition in athletes with unilateral lower-limb amputation: A pilot study.
<h4>Background</h4>Accurate assessment of body composition is essential for monitoring health and performance in high-performance athletes. While anthropometric equations are widely used in conventional sports, their validity in athletes with unilateral lower-limb amputation remains uncl...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0326524 |
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| author | Laura Victoria Rivera-Amézquita Ximena Saavedra-Bernal Sofia Diaz-Moreno Alejandra Tordecilla-Sanders Diana Carolina Escorcia-Gomez Diana Marcela Ramos-Caballero Zdenek Svoboda |
| author_facet | Laura Victoria Rivera-Amézquita Ximena Saavedra-Bernal Sofia Diaz-Moreno Alejandra Tordecilla-Sanders Diana Carolina Escorcia-Gomez Diana Marcela Ramos-Caballero Zdenek Svoboda |
| author_sort | Laura Victoria Rivera-Amézquita |
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| description | <h4>Background</h4>Accurate assessment of body composition is essential for monitoring health and performance in high-performance athletes. While anthropometric equations are widely used in conventional sports, their validity in athletes with unilateral lower-limb amputation remains unclear due to assumptions of symmetrical fat and muscle distribution. This study aimed to assess the concurrent validity and reliability of anthropometric equations for estimating body composition in this population, using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) as the reference method.<h4>Methods</h4>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 27 athletes (22 men, 5 women; mean age 32 ± 7.4) from para-sports including athletics, swimming, triathlon, and others. Anthropometric measurements and DEXA were used to estimate body density (BD), fat percentage (FP), lean percentage (LP), lean mass (LM), and fat mass (FM). Forty-seven anthropometric equations were evaluated. Validity was assessed using Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients, reliability with Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC), and agreement through Bland-Altman analysis and Reduced Major Axis (RMA) regression.<h4>Results</h4>For FP, the Hastuti equation and the ISAK 5 components model showed the closest agreement with DEXA (mean differences 0.7 ± 4.55%, and 0.32 ± 4.8%, respectively; ICCs > 0.83). Durnin and Womersley with Siri also showed high reliability but a greater bias (2.6 ± 3.69%). For FM, the ISAK 5 components model and Lee DH equation demonstrated acceptable agreement (mean differences -0.71 ± 3.64% and 1.04 ± 4.35%, respectively; ICCs > 0.85). For LM, the Olshvang, Chien, and Lee DH equations showed the strongest agreement with DEXA (ICCs > 0.87).<h4>Conclusions</h4>The Hastuti and the ISAK 5 components model are recommended to estimate FP. For FM, we recommend the ISAK 5 components model, followed by Lee DH equations, and for LM, the Olshvang, Chien and Lee DH. Finally, we do not recommend the use of any of the Lee, Poortsman, or ISAK 5 components model equations to estimate LP in this population. |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| spelling | doaj-art-d24643da047149bd90eb8e9d227242fa2025-08-20T02:41:39ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01207e032652410.1371/journal.pone.0326524Validity and reliability of anthropometric equations versus Dual X-ray Absorptiometry to estimate body composition in athletes with unilateral lower-limb amputation: A pilot study.Laura Victoria Rivera-AmézquitaXimena Saavedra-BernalSofia Diaz-MorenoAlejandra Tordecilla-SandersDiana Carolina Escorcia-GomezDiana Marcela Ramos-CaballeroZdenek Svoboda<h4>Background</h4>Accurate assessment of body composition is essential for monitoring health and performance in high-performance athletes. While anthropometric equations are widely used in conventional sports, their validity in athletes with unilateral lower-limb amputation remains unclear due to assumptions of symmetrical fat and muscle distribution. This study aimed to assess the concurrent validity and reliability of anthropometric equations for estimating body composition in this population, using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) as the reference method.<h4>Methods</h4>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 27 athletes (22 men, 5 women; mean age 32 ± 7.4) from para-sports including athletics, swimming, triathlon, and others. Anthropometric measurements and DEXA were used to estimate body density (BD), fat percentage (FP), lean percentage (LP), lean mass (LM), and fat mass (FM). Forty-seven anthropometric equations were evaluated. Validity was assessed using Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients, reliability with Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC), and agreement through Bland-Altman analysis and Reduced Major Axis (RMA) regression.<h4>Results</h4>For FP, the Hastuti equation and the ISAK 5 components model showed the closest agreement with DEXA (mean differences 0.7 ± 4.55%, and 0.32 ± 4.8%, respectively; ICCs > 0.83). Durnin and Womersley with Siri also showed high reliability but a greater bias (2.6 ± 3.69%). For FM, the ISAK 5 components model and Lee DH equation demonstrated acceptable agreement (mean differences -0.71 ± 3.64% and 1.04 ± 4.35%, respectively; ICCs > 0.85). For LM, the Olshvang, Chien, and Lee DH equations showed the strongest agreement with DEXA (ICCs > 0.87).<h4>Conclusions</h4>The Hastuti and the ISAK 5 components model are recommended to estimate FP. For FM, we recommend the ISAK 5 components model, followed by Lee DH equations, and for LM, the Olshvang, Chien and Lee DH. Finally, we do not recommend the use of any of the Lee, Poortsman, or ISAK 5 components model equations to estimate LP in this population.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0326524 |
| spellingShingle | Laura Victoria Rivera-Amézquita Ximena Saavedra-Bernal Sofia Diaz-Moreno Alejandra Tordecilla-Sanders Diana Carolina Escorcia-Gomez Diana Marcela Ramos-Caballero Zdenek Svoboda Validity and reliability of anthropometric equations versus Dual X-ray Absorptiometry to estimate body composition in athletes with unilateral lower-limb amputation: A pilot study. PLoS ONE |
| title | Validity and reliability of anthropometric equations versus Dual X-ray Absorptiometry to estimate body composition in athletes with unilateral lower-limb amputation: A pilot study. |
| title_full | Validity and reliability of anthropometric equations versus Dual X-ray Absorptiometry to estimate body composition in athletes with unilateral lower-limb amputation: A pilot study. |
| title_fullStr | Validity and reliability of anthropometric equations versus Dual X-ray Absorptiometry to estimate body composition in athletes with unilateral lower-limb amputation: A pilot study. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Validity and reliability of anthropometric equations versus Dual X-ray Absorptiometry to estimate body composition in athletes with unilateral lower-limb amputation: A pilot study. |
| title_short | Validity and reliability of anthropometric equations versus Dual X-ray Absorptiometry to estimate body composition in athletes with unilateral lower-limb amputation: A pilot study. |
| title_sort | validity and reliability of anthropometric equations versus dual x ray absorptiometry to estimate body composition in athletes with unilateral lower limb amputation a pilot study |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0326524 |
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