Gender differences in the management and outcomes of acute coronary syndrome in indians: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Gender differences in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) outcomes have been noted in global data, which however did not analyse Indian data. No prior systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) has addressed this important aspect of gender bias in Indian women with ACS. Hence this SRM aimed to...

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Main Authors: Deep Dutta, Kunal Mahajan, Lokesh Verma, Gunjan Gupta, Meha Sharma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-09-01
Series:Indian Heart Journal
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019483224001858
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author Deep Dutta
Kunal Mahajan
Lokesh Verma
Gunjan Gupta
Meha Sharma
author_facet Deep Dutta
Kunal Mahajan
Lokesh Verma
Gunjan Gupta
Meha Sharma
author_sort Deep Dutta
collection DOAJ
description Background: Gender differences in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) outcomes have been noted in global data, which however did not analyse Indian data. No prior systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) has addressed this important aspect of gender bias in Indian women with ACS. Hence this SRM aimed to address this knowledge gap. Methods: Electronic databases were searched for studies in ACS comparing cardiovascular disease presentation, treatment received and outcomes in women and men from India. Primary outcomes were to evaluate gender-differences in 30-day death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Secondary outcomes were to evaluate gender-differences in presentation, management and mortality. The SRM is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023477286). Results: From initially screened 3753 articles, data from 9 studies (61,185 patients) were analysed. Women with ACS had higher prevalence of diabetes [Odds ratio (OR) 1.65(95%CI:1.33–2.04); p < 0.001; I2 = 95 %] and hypertension [OR2.06(95%CI:1.88–2.25); p < 0.001; I2 = 42 %]. Smoking was significantly lower in women [OR 0.05(95%CI:0.03–0.07); p < 0.001; I2 = 87 %]. Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) was significantly higher in women [OR 1.92(95%CI:1.66–2.21); p < 0.001; I2 = 0 %]. Diagnostic angiography [OR 0.64(95%CI:0.56–0.74); p < 0.001; I2 = 46 %] and percutaneous coronary interventions [OR0.71(95%CI:0.55–0.92); p = 0.01; I2 = 92 %] were significantly lower in women. Women had significantly higher 30-day mortality [Hazard ratio (HR)2.26(95%CI:2.01–2.55); p < 0.001; I2 = 6 %], 1-year mortality [HR2.41(95%CI:1.89–3.07); p < 0.001; I2 = 53 %], in-hospital death [HR1.88(95%CI:1.19–2.96); p = 0.007; I2 = 92 %], stroke [HR 1.84 (95%CI:1.34–2.52); p < 0.001; I2 = 0 %] and MACE outcomes [OR 2.05 (95%CI:1.78–2.35); p < 0.001]. Use of aspirin, clopidogrel, beta-blockers and nitrates were significantly lower in women. Conclusion: Our study highlights worse outcomes in Indian women with ACS. Higher burden of diabetes and hypertension, decreased used of PCI and lesser aggressive pharmacotherapy may be some of the contributing factors.
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spelling doaj-art-d23cec2cfd3b4bf5a120bdd76fbf4b912025-08-20T02:13:58ZengElsevierIndian Heart Journal0019-48322024-09-0176533334110.1016/j.ihj.2024.10.002Gender differences in the management and outcomes of acute coronary syndrome in indians: A systematic review and meta-analysisDeep Dutta0Kunal Mahajan1Lokesh Verma2Gunjan Gupta3Meha Sharma4Department of Endocrinology, Center for Endocrinology Diabetes Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism (CEDAR) Superspeciality Healthcare, Dwarka, New Delhi, India; Corresponding author. Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism (CEDAR) Super-speciality Healthcare, Plot 107 &amp; 108, Sector 12A Dwarka, New Delhi, 110075, India.Department of Cardiology, Himachal Heart Institute, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Medicine, Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri (SLBS) Government Medical College, Nerchowk Himachal Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Himachal Heart Institute, Mandi, IndiaDepartment of Rheumatology, CEDAR Superspeciality Healthcare, New Delhi, IndiaBackground: Gender differences in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) outcomes have been noted in global data, which however did not analyse Indian data. No prior systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) has addressed this important aspect of gender bias in Indian women with ACS. Hence this SRM aimed to address this knowledge gap. Methods: Electronic databases were searched for studies in ACS comparing cardiovascular disease presentation, treatment received and outcomes in women and men from India. Primary outcomes were to evaluate gender-differences in 30-day death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Secondary outcomes were to evaluate gender-differences in presentation, management and mortality. The SRM is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023477286). Results: From initially screened 3753 articles, data from 9 studies (61,185 patients) were analysed. Women with ACS had higher prevalence of diabetes [Odds ratio (OR) 1.65(95%CI:1.33–2.04); p < 0.001; I2 = 95 %] and hypertension [OR2.06(95%CI:1.88–2.25); p < 0.001; I2 = 42 %]. Smoking was significantly lower in women [OR 0.05(95%CI:0.03–0.07); p < 0.001; I2 = 87 %]. Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) was significantly higher in women [OR 1.92(95%CI:1.66–2.21); p < 0.001; I2 = 0 %]. Diagnostic angiography [OR 0.64(95%CI:0.56–0.74); p < 0.001; I2 = 46 %] and percutaneous coronary interventions [OR0.71(95%CI:0.55–0.92); p = 0.01; I2 = 92 %] were significantly lower in women. Women had significantly higher 30-day mortality [Hazard ratio (HR)2.26(95%CI:2.01–2.55); p < 0.001; I2 = 6 %], 1-year mortality [HR2.41(95%CI:1.89–3.07); p < 0.001; I2 = 53 %], in-hospital death [HR1.88(95%CI:1.19–2.96); p = 0.007; I2 = 92 %], stroke [HR 1.84 (95%CI:1.34–2.52); p < 0.001; I2 = 0 %] and MACE outcomes [OR 2.05 (95%CI:1.78–2.35); p < 0.001]. Use of aspirin, clopidogrel, beta-blockers and nitrates were significantly lower in women. Conclusion: Our study highlights worse outcomes in Indian women with ACS. Higher burden of diabetes and hypertension, decreased used of PCI and lesser aggressive pharmacotherapy may be some of the contributing factors.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019483224001858Gender differencesGender disparityMeta-analysisAcute coronary syndromeOutcomes
spellingShingle Deep Dutta
Kunal Mahajan
Lokesh Verma
Gunjan Gupta
Meha Sharma
Gender differences in the management and outcomes of acute coronary syndrome in indians: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Indian Heart Journal
Gender differences
Gender disparity
Meta-analysis
Acute coronary syndrome
Outcomes
title Gender differences in the management and outcomes of acute coronary syndrome in indians: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full Gender differences in the management and outcomes of acute coronary syndrome in indians: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr Gender differences in the management and outcomes of acute coronary syndrome in indians: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Gender differences in the management and outcomes of acute coronary syndrome in indians: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short Gender differences in the management and outcomes of acute coronary syndrome in indians: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort gender differences in the management and outcomes of acute coronary syndrome in indians a systematic review and meta analysis
topic Gender differences
Gender disparity
Meta-analysis
Acute coronary syndrome
Outcomes
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019483224001858
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AT lokeshverma genderdifferencesinthemanagementandoutcomesofacutecoronarysyndromeinindiansasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis
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